School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
BMJ Glob Health. 2021 Nov;6(11). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007405.
Global surveys have built-in gender-related biases associated with data missingness across the gender dimensions of people's lives, imbalanced or incomplete representation of population groups, and biased ways in which gender information is elicited and used. While increasing focus is being placed on the integration of sex-disaggregated statistics into national programmes and on understanding effects of gender-based disparities on the health of all people, the data necessary for elucidating underlying causes of gender disparities and designing effective intervention programmes continue to be lacking. Approaches exist, however, that can reasonably address some shortcomings, such as separating questions of gender identification from biological sex. Qualitative research can elucidate ways to rephrase questions and translate gendered terms to avoid perpetuating historical gender biases and prompting biased responses. Non-health disciplines may offer lessons in collecting gender-related data. Ultimately, multidisciplinary global collaborations are needed to advance this evolving field and to set standards for how we measure gender in all its forms.
全球调查在人们生活的性别维度上存在与数据缺失相关的内在性别偏见，在人口群体的代表性方面存在不平衡或不完整，以及在获取和使用性别信息的方式上存在偏见。尽管越来越重视将按性别分类的统计数据纳入国家方案，并了解基于性别的差异对所有人健康的影响，但阐明性别差异的根本原因和设计有效干预方案所需的数据仍然缺乏。然而，存在一些方法可以合理地解决一些缺点，例如将性别认同问题与生物性别分开。定性研究可以阐明如何重新表述问题和翻译性别术语，以避免延续历史上的性别偏见和引发有偏见的反应。非卫生学科可能会提供收集与性别相关数据的经验教训。最终，需要多学科的全球合作来推进这一不断发展的领域，并为我们如何以各种形式衡量性别制定标准。
