Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA, USA.
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Planta. 2021 Nov 27;255(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s00425-021-03749-3.
A comprehensive understanding of LMA from the underlying molecular aspects to the end-use quality effects will greatly benefit the global wheat industry and those whose livelihoods depend upon it. Late-maturity α-amylase (LMA) leads to the expression and protein accumulation of high pI α-amylases during late grain development. This α-amylase is maintained through harvest and leads to an unacceptable low falling number (FN), the wheat industry's standard measure for predicting end-use quality. Unfortunately, low FN leads to significant financial losses for growers. As a result, wheat researchers are working to understand and eliminate LMA from wheat breeding programs, with research aims that include unraveling the genetic, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms that lead to LMA expression. In addition, cereal chemists and quality scientists are working to determine if and how LMA-affected grain impacts end-use quality. This review is a comprehensive overview of studies focused on LMA and includes open questions and future directions.
全面了解 LMA 从潜在的分子方面到最终用途质量的影响，将极大地有益于全球小麦产业和那些依赖它的人的生计。晚期成熟 α-淀粉酶（LMA）导致高 pI α-淀粉酶在谷物后期发育过程中的表达和蛋白积累。这种α-淀粉酶在收获后得以维持，并导致无法接受的低降落数值（FN），这是小麦行业预测最终用途质量的标准衡量指标。不幸的是，低 FN 会给种植者带来重大的经济损失。因此，小麦研究人员正在努力从小麦育种计划中理解和消除 LMA，研究目标包括揭示导致 LMA 表达的遗传、生化和生理机制。此外，谷物化学家与质量科学家们正致力于确定受 LMA 影响的谷物是否以及如何影响最终用途质量。本综述全面概述了 LMA 的研究，包括悬而未决的问题和未来的方向。
