CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Feb 1;303:114149. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114149. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for crop growth and it plays a critical role in agricultural production. Excessive P applications has become a serious concern in Chinese greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) systems. Nevertheless, P accumulation (legacy P) in GVP profile soils and its potential loss remain poorly documented. Hence, this study aimed to response this issue via paired collection of 136 soil samples (0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depth) and 41 vegetable samples from both plastic greenhouses (PG) and solar greenhouses (SG) in Shouguang, Shandong province. Results showed that the annual input of P ranged from 772 to 2458 kg ha for different vegetables through the whole growing season versus little vegetable P uptake (ranging from 47.8 to 155 kg ha). Results also revealed significant P accumulation in both SG and PG profile soils. Compared to arable soils (background soils), legacy P to the depth of 90 cm in PG and SG soils were 3.28 and 11.16 Mg P ha, respectively. The content of total P in PG and SG soils significantly increased with cultivation duration. The maximum environmental capacity of P in SG soils was 187 Mg ha, and the maximum number of years for safe planting was 38 yrs. After four years of cultivation, P loss would occur in these soils and the loss rate of P increased with cultivation duration. Opposite to PG soils, a potentially higher risk of P losses took place in SG soils. Our results also demonstrated that excessive P inputs driven by intensive agricultural practices dominated legacy P accumulation within the profile soils and its losses in GVP systems. Site-specific P managements, including improving P use efficiency, reducing further P surplus and reusing legacy P in soils, are urgently needed to minimize P loss. At the same time, the potential loss of subsoil P could not be neglected.
磷（P）是作物生长的必需元素，在农业生产中起着关键作用。在中国温室蔬菜生产（GVP）系统中，过量施用磷已成为一个严重的问题。然而，GVP 剖面土壤中磷的积累（遗留磷）及其潜在损失仍记录甚少。因此，本研究通过在山东省寿光市的塑料温室（PG）和太阳能温室（SG）中同时采集 136 个土壤样品（0-30、30-60 和 60-90 cm 深度）和 41 个蔬菜样品，旨在解决这一问题。结果表明，不同蔬菜在整个生长季节的 P 年投入量为 772-2458 kg/ha，而蔬菜 P 吸收量很少（47.8-155 kg/ha）。结果还表明，SG 和 PG 剖面土壤中均存在显著的 P 积累。与耕地土壤（背景土壤）相比，PG 和 SG 土壤中 90 cm 深度的遗留 P 分别为 3.28 和 11.16 Mg P/ha。PG 和 SG 土壤中总 P 含量随种植年限的增加而显著增加。SG 土壤的 P 最大环境容量为 187 Mg/ha，安全种植年限最长为 38 年。种植四年后，这些土壤将发生 P 损失，且随种植年限的增加，P 损失率增加。与 PG 土壤相反，SG 土壤中 P 损失的风险更高。研究结果还表明，集约化农业生产导致的过量 P 投入是 GVP 系统中剖面土壤遗留 P 积累及其损失的主要原因。需要采取具体场地的 P 管理措施，包括提高 P 利用效率、减少进一步的 P 过剩和再利用土壤中的遗留 P，以最大限度地减少 P 损失。同时，也不能忽视亚表层 P 的潜在损失。
