Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Inland Fisheries e.V. Potsdam-Sacrow, Potsdam, Germany.
Conserv Biol. 2022 Jun;36(3):e13870. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13870. Epub 2022 Jan 17.
Globally, policies aiming for conservation of species, free-flowing rivers, and promotion of hydroelectricity as renewable energy and as a means to decarbonize energy systems generate trade-offs between protecting freshwater fauna and development of hydropower. Hydroelectric turbines put fish at risk of severe injury during passage. Therefore, comprehensive, reliable analyses of turbine-induced fish mortality are pivotal to support an informed debate on the sustainability of hydropower (i.e., how much a society is willing to pay in terms of costs incurred on rivers and their biota). We compiled and examined a comprehensive, global data set of turbine fish-mortality assessments involving >275,000 individual fish of 75 species to estimate mortality across turbine types and fish species. Average fish mortality from hydroelectric turbines was 22.3% (95% CI 17.5-26.7%) when accounting for common uncertainties related to empirical estimates (e.g., handling- or catch-related effects). Mortality estimates were highly variable among and within different turbine types, study methods, and taxa. Technical configurations of hydroelectric turbines that successfully reduce fish mortality and fish-protective hydropower operation as a global standard could balance the need for renewable energy with protection of fish biodiversity.
在全球范围内，旨在保护物种、保持河流自然流动以及推广水电作为可再生能源和脱碳能源系统的政策，在保护淡水动物区系和发展水电之间产生了权衡。水轮机在鱼类通过时会使它们有严重受伤的风险。因此，对水轮机诱导鱼类死亡的全面、可靠分析对于支持关于水电可持续性的知情辩论至关重要（即社会愿意为河流及其生物区系所产生的成本付出多少）。我们编制并审查了一个涉及超过 275,000 条 75 种鱼类个体的全球综合涡轮机鱼类死亡率评估数据集，以估算不同涡轮机类型和鱼类物种的死亡率。当考虑到与经验估计相关的常见不确定性（例如，处理或捕捞相关的影响）时，水力涡轮机导致鱼类死亡的平均死亡率为 22.3%（95%置信区间 17.5-26.7%）。不同涡轮机类型、研究方法和类群之间的死亡率估计值差异很大。可以成功降低鱼类死亡率并将鱼类保护型水力发电作为全球标准运行的水力涡轮机技术配置，可以在保护鱼类生物多样性与可再生能源需求之间取得平衡。
