Aw Ernest, Zhang Yingying, Yalcin Esra, Herrmann Uli S, Carroll Michael C
Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Adv Immunol. 2021;152:83-155. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.09.002. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
Neuropsychiatric diseases have traditionally been studied from brain, and mind-centric perspectives. However, mounting epidemiological and clinical evidence shows a strong correlation of neuropsychiatric manifestations with immune system activation, suggesting a likely mechanistic interaction between the immune and nervous systems in mediating neuropsychiatric disease. Indeed, immune mediators such as cytokines, antibodies, and complement proteins have been shown to affect various cellular members of the central nervous system in multitudinous ways, such as by modulating neuronal firing rates, inducing cellular apoptosis, or triggering synaptic pruning. These observations have in turn led to the exciting development of clinical therapies aiming to harness this neuro-immune interaction for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disease and symptoms. Besides the clinic, important theoretical fundamentals can be drawn from the immune system and applied to our understanding of the brain and neuropsychiatric disease. These new frameworks could lead to novel insights in the field and further potentiate the development of future therapies to treat neuropsychiatric disease.
传统上，神经精神疾病是从大脑和以心理为中心的角度进行研究的。然而，越来越多的流行病学和临床证据表明，神经精神症状与免疫系统激活之间存在强烈关联，这表明免疫系统和神经系统在介导神经精神疾病方面可能存在机制上的相互作用。事实上，诸如细胞因子、抗体和补体蛋白等免疫介质已被证明能以多种方式影响中枢神经系统的各种细胞成分，例如通过调节神经元放电频率、诱导细胞凋亡或触发突触修剪。这些观察结果反过来促使了旨在利用这种神经免疫相互作用来治疗神经精神疾病和症状的临床疗法的令人兴奋的发展。除了临床应用外，还可以从免疫系统中汲取重要的理论基础，并将其应用于我们对大脑和神经精神疾病的理解。这些新框架可能会为该领域带来新的见解，并进一步促进未来治疗神经精神疾病疗法的发展。
