Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Jul 25;2022:9176923. doi: 10.1155/2022/9176923. eCollection 2022.
The nervous system is important, because it regulates the physiological function of the body. Neurons are the most basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The synapse is an asymmetric structure that is important for neuronal function. The chemical transmission mode of the synapse is realized through neurotransmitters and electrical processes. Based on vesicle transport, the abnormal information transmission process in the synapse can lead to a series of neurorelated diseases. Numerous proteins and complexes that regulate the process of vesicle transport, such as SNARE proteins, Munc18-1, and Synaptotagmin-1, have been identified. Their regulation of synaptic vesicle secretion is complicated and delicate, and their defects can lead to a series of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss the structure and functions of vesicle-based synapses and their roles in neurons. Furthermore, we will analyze neurotransmitter and synaptic functions in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the potential of using related drugs in their treatment.
神经系统很重要，因为它调节着身体的生理功能。神经元是神经系统最基本的结构和功能单位。突触是一种不对称的结构，对神经元的功能很重要。突触的化学传递方式是通过神经递质和电过程来实现的。基于囊泡运输，突触中异常的信息传递过程会导致一系列与神经相关的疾病。已经鉴定出了许多调节囊泡运输过程的蛋白质和复合物，如 SNARE 蛋白、Munc18-1 和 Synaptotagmin-1。它们对突触囊泡分泌的调节非常复杂和精细，其缺陷会导致一系列神经退行性疾病。本文将讨论基于囊泡的突触的结构和功能及其在神经元中的作用。此外，我们将分析神经递质和突触在神经退行性疾病中的作用，并讨论相关药物在其治疗中的应用潜力。
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