van den Ende J, Rotter M L
S Afr Med J. 1986 Jan 18;69(2):89-93.
The data on blood culture isolates for 1983 and January - July 1984 reported by the Antibiotic Study Group of South Africa have been analysed to determine national and regional prevalences of different micro-organisms and resistance to certain antibiotics. Although there are significant differences in isolation frequencies between the various centres, overall the five most frequent isolates are Staphylococcus aureus (1983 - 15%; 1984 - 14%), Escherichia coli (13%), Klebsiella spp. (11%; 10%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (9%), and Salmonella typhi (7%; 13%). Staph. aureus ranks first in most centres for 1983 but is displaced in some in 1984 by enteric Gram-negative bacilli. In Durban S. typhi is the most common isolate for the entire period. Methicillin resistance among Staph. aureus is common (approximately 30% overall), especially in the Transvaal. Gentamicin resistance among certain Gram-negative bacilli is a problem in many centres and is especially disturbing in the case of Klebsiella spp., of which over 30% of total isolates are resistant. Ampicillin resistance for Haemophilus influenzae varies from nil to over 30% in different centres, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci are still encountered (nil to over 10%).
南非抗生素研究小组报告的1983年及1984年1月至7月血培养分离株数据已被分析，以确定不同微生物的全国及地区流行率以及对某些抗生素的耐药性。尽管各中心的分离频率存在显著差异，但总体而言，最常见的五种分离株为金黄色葡萄球菌（1983年 - 15%；1984年 - 14%）、大肠埃希菌（13%）、克雷伯菌属（11%；10%）、肺炎链球菌（9%）和伤寒沙门菌（7%；13%）。1983年金黄色葡萄球菌在大多数中心排名第一，但在1984年一些中心被肠道革兰阴性杆菌取代。在德班，伤寒沙门菌是整个时期最常见的分离株。金黄色葡萄球菌对甲氧西林耐药很常见（总体约30%），尤其是在德兰士瓦省。某些革兰阴性杆菌对庆大霉素耐药在许多中心是个问题，对克雷伯菌属尤其令人担忧，其分离株总数中超过30%耐药。不同中心流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林的耐药率从无到超过30%不等，仍会遇到耐青霉素肺炎球菌（无到超过10%）。
