Environmental Biotechnology Department, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Feb;29(6):8074-8090. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17733-7. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is one of the most promising processes for the treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater. It is more effective, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly than the conventional process currently in use for nitrogen removal. Unfortunately, anammox bacteria are sensitive to various substances, including heavy metals and organic matter commonly found in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Of these deleterious substances, antibiotics are recognized to be important. For decades, the increasing consumption of antibiotics has led to the increased occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment, including wastewater. One of the most important issues related to antibiotic pollution is the generation and transfer of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we will discuss the effect of short- and long-term exposure of the anammox process to antibiotic pollutants; with a special focus on the activity of the anammox bacteria, biomass properties, community structures, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and combined effect of antibiotics with other substances commonly found in wastewater. Further, the defense mechanisms according to which bacteria adapt against antibiotic stress are speculated upon. This review aims to facilitate a better understanding of the influence of antibiotics and other co-pollutants on the anammox process and to highlight future avenues of research to target gaps in the knowledge.
厌氧氨氧化（anammox）是处理富含氨氮废水的最有前途的工艺之一。与目前用于脱氮的传统工艺相比，它更有效、更便宜、更环保。不幸的是，厌氧氨氧化菌对各种物质敏感，包括废水中常见的重金属和有机物。在这些有害物质中，抗生素被认为是重要的。几十年来，抗生素的使用量不断增加，导致抗生素在包括废水在内的水环境中大量出现。与抗生素污染相关的最重要问题之一是抗生素耐药菌（ARB）和抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的产生和转移。在这里，我们将讨论厌氧氨氧化过程短期和长期暴露于抗生素污染物的影响；特别关注厌氧氨氧化菌的活性、生物量特性、群落结构、抗生素耐药基因的存在以及抗生素与废水中常见的其他物质的联合作用。此外，还推测了细菌对抗生素压力适应的防御机制。本综述旨在促进更好地理解抗生素和其他共污染物对厌氧氨氧化过程的影响，并强调针对知识空白的未来研究方向。
