Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173-229, India.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2022 Mar;108(3):571-578. doi: 10.1007/s00128-021-03415-0. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
Gill is the frontier tissue to come in direct contact with aquatic toxicants. Malachite green (MG) commercial textile dye was assessed for its impact on the gill cytoarchitecture. Cyprinus carpio were exposed to 0.087 and 0.146 mg/L of MG for 60 days. The tissue was processed, and HE stained slides revealed histo-pathic lesions such as lamellar curling, edema, necrosis, telangiectasia, aneurysm, and vacuolization. Scanning electron microscopy reported aberrations in lamellae and microridges of the epithelium. At the cellular level, transmission electron microscopy exhibited nuclear alterations in form of pyknosis and mitochondrial swelling followed by cristolysis. Pillar cells displayed cytoplasmic vacuolization and leukocyte infiltration, and goblet cell containing varied shaped and density mucous globules. The biochemical analysis supported the ultrastructural alterations and showed a negative impact of MG on the antioxidative enzymes (CAT, SOD, GSH), while levels of MDA were found to be significantly elevated. Thereby, concluding MG induced branchial toxicity in the fish.
鳃是直接接触水生毒物的前沿组织。孔雀石绿（MG）商业纺织染料被评估其对鳃细胞结构的影响。鲤鱼被暴露在 0.087 和 0.146 mg/L 的 MG 中 60 天。对组织进行处理，并用 HE 染色载玻片显示出组织病理学病变，如瓣卷曲、水肿、坏死、血管扩张、动脉瘤和空泡化。扫描电子显微镜报告了上皮细胞的板层和微脊的异常。在细胞水平上，透射电子显微镜显示细胞核形态发生固缩和线粒体肿胀，随后出现嵴溶解。柱状细胞显示细胞质空泡化和白细胞浸润，杯状细胞含有不同形状和密度的粘液小球。生化分析支持超微结构的改变，并表明 MG 对抗氧化酶（CAT、SOD、GSH）有负面影响，而 MDA 的水平则显著升高。因此，结论是 MG 诱导了鱼类的鳃毒性。
