Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2021 Dec 17;49(6):2601-2610. doi: 10.1042/BST20210365.
The gut relies on the complex interaction between epithelial, stromal and immune cells to maintain gut health in the face of food particles and pathogens. Innate sensing by the intestinal epithelium is critical for maintaining epithelial barrier function and also orchestrating mucosal immune responses. Numerous innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are involved in such sensing. In recent years, several Nucleotide-binding-domain and Leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) have been found to partake in pathogen or damage sensing while also being implicated in gut pathologies, such as colitis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we discuss the current literature focusing on NLR family apoptosis inhibitory proteins (NAIPs) and other NLRs that have non-inflammasome roles in the gut. The mechanisms behind NLR-mediated protection often converges on similar signalling pathways, such as STAT3, MAPK and NFκB. Further understanding of how these NLRs contribute to the maintenance of gut homeostasis will be important for understanding gut pathologies and developing new therapies.
肠道依赖于上皮细胞、基质细胞和免疫细胞之间的复杂相互作用，以在面对食物颗粒和病原体时维持肠道健康。肠道上皮细胞的先天感应对于维持上皮屏障功能以及协调黏膜免疫反应至关重要。许多先天模式识别受体（PRRs）参与了这种感应。近年来，已经发现几种核苷酸结合域和富含亮氨酸重复序列的受体（NLRs）参与病原体或损伤感应，同时也与肠道疾病有关，如结肠炎和结直肠癌（CRC）。在这里，我们讨论了目前的文献，重点介绍了 NLR 家族凋亡抑制蛋白（NAIPs）和其他在肠道中具有非炎症小体作用的 NLR。NLR 介导的保护机制通常集中在相似的信号通路，如 STAT3、MAPK 和 NFκB。进一步了解这些 NLR 如何有助于维持肠道内稳态对于理解肠道疾病和开发新疗法非常重要。
