College of Economics and Management, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China.
Research Center for Reservoir Resettlement, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Apr;29(18):26549-26563. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17827-2. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
The Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA) has complex geological conditions and a fragile ecological environment. The construction of the Three Gorges Project triggered ecological and environmental issues and social disputes, which have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, how the temporal and spatial characteristics of ecosystem service value (ESV) in the TGRA changed in each stage of the Three Gorges Project with the implementation of ecological restoration plans remains ambiguous. Based on four periods of land use data from 2000 to 2018, the changes in land use were investigated, and the ESVs were estimated. Then, the spatial distribution and dynamic changes in ecosystem services were analysed. The results showed that grassland and construction land were the land use types that had the greatest reductions and increases in area over time, respectively. The conversion of cropland to forestland, grassland and construction land represented the most important land type changes. In the past 18 years, because of an increase in forestland and water area, the ESVs increased by 2.7 billion yuan, with a growth rate of 3.46%. The conversion of cropland to forestland had the largest contribution rate to the increase in ESV. The ESV was higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest, and its changes had a significant positive autocorrelation in terms of the spatial distribution. The hot spots of ESV change were mainly distributed in the main stream of the Yangtze River and the reservoir area. This research provides a reference for land resource allocation and experience for the ecological environment protection and sustainable development of the Yangtze River Basin.
三峡库区（TGRA）地质条件复杂，生态环境脆弱。三峡工程的建设引发了生态环境问题和社会争议，近年来引起了相当大的关注。然而，随着生态恢复计划的实施，三峡工程各阶段生态系统服务价值（ESV）的时空特征如何变化仍不清楚。本研究基于 2000 年至 2018 年的四个时期土地利用数据，调查了土地利用变化情况，并估算了 ESV。然后，分析了生态系统服务的空间分布和动态变化。结果表明，草地和建设用地是面积随时间减少和增加最大的土地利用类型。耕地向林地、草地和建设用地的转化代表了最重要的土地类型变化。在过去的 18 年中，由于林地和水域面积的增加，ESV 增加了 27 亿元，增长率为 3.46%。耕地向林地的转化对 ESV 的增加贡献最大。ESV 在东北部较高，在西南部较低，其空间分布变化具有显著的正自相关性。ESV 变化的热点主要分布在长江干流和库区。本研究为土地资源配置提供了参考，为长江流域的生态环境保护和可持续发展提供了经验。
