埃塞俄比亚西部沃莱加区西部医院青少年患者龋齿的影响因素：一项病例对照研究。
Determinants of dental caries among adolescent patients attending Hospitals in West Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia: A case-control study.
作者信息
Guracho Tsega Tola, Atomssa Emiru Merdassa, Megersa Obsa Amante, Tolossa Tadesse
机构信息
World Vision Ethiopia, Nedjo, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Dec 2;16(12):e0260427. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260427. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is a prevalent disease in both developed and developing countries and is a public health problem among adolescents. This study aimed to assess the determinants of dental caries among adolescent patients in the west Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia.
METHODS
A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted in West Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia. A total of 133 cases and 266 controls participated in this study. Data were collected using pre-tested questionnaires from three hospitals. Epi-info version 7 was used for data entry and was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequency, proportion, mean and standard deviation were computed to summarize the data. Statistics are presented using tables and bar graphs. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of dental caries at P < 0.05. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to show the strength of association between the predictors and dental caries.
RESULTS
A total of 399 adolescents were enrolled in this study, yielding a response rate of 100%. The study found that, daily consumption of sugared coffee (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI:1.62, 5.23), khat chewing (AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.46, 3.15), daily consumption of bread (AOR = 2.65, 95%CI: 1.44, 4.89), daily consumption of sweet foods (AOR = 2.04, 95%CI:1.19, 3.48), living in urban areas (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI:1.09, 3.15), and daily tooth brushing using toothpaste or stick (AOR = 0.48;95%CI, 0.28, 0.81) were significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In this study, drinking sugared coffee, daily consumption of bread, khat chewing, sugary food consumption, living in urban areas, and daily tooth brushing using toothpaste were significantly associated with dental caries. Therefore, improving dietary and drinking habits and strengthening regular tooth brushing are important for reducing dental caries among adolescents.
背景
龋齿在发达国家和发展中国家都是一种普遍存在的疾病，并且是青少年中的一个公共卫生问题。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西部沃莱加地区青少年患者龋齿的决定因素。
方法
在埃塞俄比亚西部沃莱加地区开展了一项基于医院的非匹配病例对照研究设计。共有133例病例和266名对照参与了本研究。使用来自三家医院的预测试问卷收集数据。使用Epi-info 7版本进行数据录入，并使用SPSS 20版本进行分析。计算频率、比例、均值和标准差以汇总数据。使用表格和柱状图呈现统计数据。采用多变量二元逻辑回归分析确定P < 0.05时龋齿的决定因素。使用调整后的比值比及95%置信区间（CI）来显示预测因素与龋齿之间的关联强度。
结果
本研究共纳入399名青少年，应答率为100%。研究发现，每日饮用加糖咖啡（调整后的比值比[AOR]=2.91，95%CI：1.62，5.23）、咀嚼恰特草（AOR = 2.90，95%CI：1.46，3.15）、每日食用面包（AOR = 2.65，95%CI：1.44，4.89）、每日食用甜食（AOR = 2.04，95%CI：1.19，3.48）、居住在城市地区（AOR = 1.86，95%CI：1.09，3.15）以及每日使用牙膏或牙棒刷牙（AOR = 0.48；95%CI，0.28，0.81）与青少年龋齿显著相关。
结论与建议
在本研究中，饮用加糖咖啡、每日食用面包、咀嚼恰特草、食用甜食、居住在城市地区以及使用牙膏刷牙与龋齿显著相关。因此，改善饮食和饮水习惯以及加强定期刷牙对于减少青少年龋齿很重要。
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