The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Neuropharmacology. 2022 Feb 15;204:108906. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108906. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
The parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTN), a small nucleus located on the lateral edge of the posterior hypothalamus, has emerged in recent years as a highly interconnected node within the network of brain regions sensing and regulating autonomic function and homeostatic needs. Furthermore, the strong integration of the PSTN with extended amygdala circuits makes it ideally positioned to serve as an interface between interoception and emotions. While PSTN neurons are mostly glutamatergic, some of them also express neuropeptides that have been associated with stress-related affective and motivational dysfunction, including substance P, corticotropin-releasing factor, and pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide. PSTN neurons respond to food ingestion and anorectic signals, as well as to arousing and distressing stimuli. Functional manipulation of defined pathways demonstrated that the PSTN serves as a central hub in multiple physiologically relevant networks and is notably implicated in appetite suppression, conditioned taste aversion, place avoidance, impulsive action, and fear-induced thermoregulation. We also discuss the putative role of the PSTN in interoceptive dysfunction and negative urgency. This review aims to synthesize the burgeoning preclinical literature dedicated to the PSTN and to stimulate interest in further investigating its influence on physiology and behavior.
苍白球下核（PSTN）位于下丘脑后外侧缘，是近年来新出现的一个高度互联的节点，位于感知和调节自主功能和稳态需求的脑区网络中。此外，PSTN 与扩展杏仁核回路的紧密整合使其成为内脏感觉和情绪之间的接口。虽然 PSTN 神经元主要是谷氨酸能的，但其中一些也表达与应激相关的情感和动机功能障碍有关的神经肽，包括 P 物质、促肾上腺皮质释放因子和垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽。PSTN 神经元对食物摄入和厌食信号以及兴奋和痛苦刺激有反应。对特定通路的功能操作表明，PSTN 是多个生理相关网络的中央枢纽，特别是在食欲抑制、条件性味觉厌恶、位置回避、冲动行为和恐惧引起的体温调节中起作用。我们还讨论了 PSTN 在内脏感觉功能障碍和负性冲动中的潜在作用。本综述旨在综合专门针对 PSTN 的新兴临床前文献，并激发人们进一步研究其对生理和行为的影响。
