Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2022 Jul;13(4):e1704. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1704. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
The human genome is pervasively transcribed and yet only a small fraction of these RNAs (less than 2%) are known to code for proteins. The vast majority of the RNAs are classified as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and are further subgrouped as small (shorter than 200 bases) and long noncoding RNAs. The ncRNAs have been identified in all three domains of life and regulate diverse cellular processes through transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene regulation. Most of these RNAs work in conjunction with proteins forming a wide array of base pairing interactions. The determinants of these base pairing interactions are now becoming more evident and show striking similarities among the diverse group of ncRNAs. Here we present a mechanistic overview of pairing between RNA-RNA or RNA-DNA that dictates the function of ncRNAs; we provide examples to illustrate that ncRNAs work through shared evolutionary mechanisms that encompasses a guide-target interaction, involving not only classical Watson-Crick but also noncanonical Wobble and Hoogsteen base pairing. We also highlight the similarities in target selection, proofreading, and the ruler mechanism of ncRNA-protein complexes that confers target specificity and target site selection. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA-Based Catalysis > RNA-Mediated Cleavage RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution.
人类基因组广泛转录，但已知只有一小部分 RNA（少于 2%）编码蛋白质。绝大多数 RNA 被归类为非编码 RNA（ncRNA），并进一步细分为小 RNA（短于 200 个碱基）和长非编码 RNA。ncRNA 已在生命的三个领域中被识别出来，并通过转录和转录后基因调控来调节多种细胞过程。这些 RNA 中的大多数与蛋白质结合形成广泛的碱基配对相互作用。这些碱基配对相互作用的决定因素现在变得更加明显，并在不同种类的 ncRNA 中表现出惊人的相似性。在这里，我们介绍了 RNA-RNA 或 RNA-DNA 配对决定 ncRNA 功能的机制概述；我们提供了一些例子来说明 ncRNA 通过共享的进化机制发挥作用，包括不仅经典的 Watson-Crick 碱基配对，还有非经典的 wobble 和 Hoogsteen 碱基配对。我们还强调了 ncRNA-蛋白质复合物在靶标选择、校对和尺子机制方面的相似性，这些机制赋予了靶标特异性和靶标位点选择。本文归类于：调控 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关 > 调控 RNA RNA 催化 > RNA 介导的切割 RNA 进化和基因组学 > RNA 和核糖核蛋白进化。
