Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Départment de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.
Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 2;11(1):23330. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02253-8.
Ocean acidification (OA) affects marine organisms through various physiological and biological processes, yet our understanding of how these translate to large-scale population effects remains limited. Here, we integrated laboratory-based experimental results on the life history and physiological responses to OA of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, into a dynamic bioclimatic envelope model to project future climate change effects on species distribution, abundance, and fisheries catch potential. Ocean acidification effects on juvenile stages had the largest stage-specific impacts on the population, while cumulative effects across life stages significantly exerted the greatest impacts, albeit quite minimal. Reducing fishing pressure leads to overall increases in population abundance while setting minimum size limits also results in more higher-priced market-sized lobsters (> 1 lb), and could help mitigate the negative impacts of OA and concurrent stressors (warming, deoxygenation). However, the magnitude of increased effects of climate change overweighs any moderate population gains made by changes in fishing pressure and size limits, reinforcing that reducing greenhouse gas emissions is most pressing and that climate-adaptive fisheries management is necessary as a secondary role to ensure population resiliency. We suggest possible strategies to mitigate impacts by preserving important population demographics.
海洋酸化（OA）通过各种生理和生物过程影响海洋生物，但我们对这些过程如何转化为大规模种群影响的理解仍然有限。在这里，我们将美洲龙虾（Homarus americanus）的基于实验室的生活史和对 OA 的生理反应的实验结果整合到一个动态的生物气候包络模型中，以预测未来气候变化对物种分布、丰度和渔业捕捞潜力的影响。OA 对幼体阶段的影响对种群有最大的特定阶段影响，而整个生命阶段的累积影响则产生了最大的影响，尽管影响相当小。减少捕捞压力会导致种群数量的总体增加，而设定最小尺寸限制也会导致更多高价的市场尺寸龙虾（>1 磅），并有助于减轻 OA 和并发胁迫（变暖、脱氧）的负面影响。然而，气候变化的影响幅度超过了捕捞压力和尺寸限制变化所带来的适度种群增长，这强化了减少温室气体排放是最紧迫的，而气候适应性渔业管理是必要的次要作用，以确保种群的弹性。我们建议通过保护重要的种群特征来减轻影响的可能策略。
