Azizi Maryam, Ebadi Abbas, Ostadtaghizadeh Abbas, Dehghani Tafti Abbasali, Roudini Juliet, Barati Mohammad, Khankeh Hamid Reza, Bidaki Reza
Faculty of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
Front Psychol. 2021 Nov 10;12:689226. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689226. eCollection 2021.
Pre-hospital personnels (PHPs) who work in disasters under extreme pressure, uncertainty, and complex situations are victims of disasters themselves, and there is a link between experiencing such incidents and mental health problems. Because most studies focus on the injured and less on the psychological issues of PHPs, the present study aimed to develop a model to provide relief for PHPs in disasters from a psychological perspective. A grounded theory methodology recommended by Corbin and Strauss (2015) was employed. PHPs ( = 24) participated in a semi-structured interview between July 2018 to May 2020. In the analysis of the pre-hospital staff interviews, three main themes were extracted, namely, providing relief with struggle (complexity of incident scenes, command-organizational and occupational challenges), psychological distress (psychological regression and psychological empowerment), and consequences (resilience and job burnout). Seven categories and 22 subcategories were explored from our data the grounded theory approach The PHPs managed psychological distress with two approaches: psychological self-empowerment and regression, which resulted in resilience and burnout, respectively. Due to the lack of enough support, the resilience of the PHPs was short-term, turned into burnout over time, and affected the structural factors again as a cycle.
在极端压力、不确定性和复杂情况下参与灾害救援工作的院前急救人员（PHPs）自身也是灾害的受害者，经历此类事件与心理健康问题之间存在关联。由于大多数研究关注的是受灾伤员，而对院前急救人员的心理问题关注较少，本研究旨在从心理学角度构建一个模型，为灾害中的院前急救人员提供心理援助。本研究采用了Corbin和Strauss（2015年）推荐的扎根理论方法。24名院前急救人员在2018年7月至2020年5月期间参与了半结构化访谈。在对院前急救人员访谈的分析中，提取了三个主要主题，即挣扎中寻求援助（事件现场的复杂性、指挥组织和职业挑战）、心理困扰（心理退行和心理赋能）以及后果（心理韧性和职业倦怠）。通过扎根理论方法，从我们的数据中探索出了七个类别和22个子类别。院前急救人员通过两种方式应对心理困扰：心理自我赋能和心理退行，分别导致了心理韧性和职业倦怠。由于缺乏足够的支持，院前急救人员的心理韧性是短期的，随着时间的推移会转变为职业倦怠，并再次作为一个循环影响结构因素。
