Kim Ji Yeon, Cho Seong Suk, Kim Kyung Won
Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea.
National Training Center of Korea Olympic Committee, Seoul 01794, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2021 Dec;15(6):732-746. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.6.732. Epub 2021 Apr 9.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the differences in psychosocial factors and eating behaviors by the stages of change (SOC) in nutrition management among elementary and middle school athletes.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were young athletes recruited from the athletic clubs of 10 organizations. Subjects responded to a survey questionnaire, and data on 167 athletes were analyzed. Subjects were grouped into the pre-action or action stage in nutrition management. The χ test, t-test, analysis of covariance, and correlation analysis were used in data analysis.
Athletes in the action stage (62.3%) compared to the pre-action stage, showed a higher self-efficacy ( < 0.01), and felt more confidence in performing specific eating behaviors ( < 0.05 to < 0.01). Those in the action stage had more favorable beliefs regarding nutrition ( < 0.001) and agreed less strongly on the specific misconceptions/disadvantages of nutrition ( < 0.01) than those in the pre-action stage. Eating behaviors ( < 0.001) and subscales of the eating behaviors ( < 0.05 to < 0.01) also differed significantly by the SOC group. Place of eating dinner ( < 0.05) and the person who prepares dinner ( < 0.05) showed significant differences by the SOC group. The relationship of self-efficacy, beliefs regarding nutrition, and eating behaviors to the SOC differed by sports type. Beliefs for football athletes, self-efficacy, and beliefs for baseball athletes were correlated significantly with the SOC, whereas all 3 variables were related to the SOC for handball and other athletes.
This study showed differences in psychosocial factors and eating behaviors between the pre-action and action stages. Nutrition education should include strategies to help young athletes modify their beliefs, mainly misconceptions/disadvantages of nutrition, increase self-efficacy, and adopt specific and desirable eating behaviors. Nutrition education might employ different strategies considering the sports type that student-athletes participate.
背景/目的：本研究探讨了中小学生运动员营养管理中不同改变阶段（SOC）的心理社会因素和饮食行为差异。
对象/方法：研究对象为从10个组织的体育俱乐部招募的年轻运动员。研究对象填写调查问卷，并对167名运动员的数据进行分析。研究对象被分为营养管理的行动前阶段或行动阶段。数据分析采用χ检验、t检验、协方差分析和相关分析。
与行动前阶段相比，处于行动阶段的运动员（62.3%）自我效能感更高（P<0.01），在执行特定饮食行为时更有信心（P<0.05至P<0.01）。与行动前阶段的运动员相比，处于行动阶段的运动员对营养有更积极的信念（P<0.001），对营养的特定误解/缺点的认同度更低（P<0.01）。饮食行为（P<0.001）及其分量表（P<0.05至P<0.01）在不同SOC组间也存在显著差异。晚餐用餐地点（P<0.05）和准备晚餐的人（P<0.05）在不同SOC组间存在显著差异。自我效能感、营养信念和饮食行为与SOC的关系因运动类型而异。足球运动员的信念、自我效能感以及棒球运动员的信念与SOC显著相关，而这三个变量均与手球运动员及其他运动员的SOC相关。
本研究显示了行动前阶段和行动阶段在心理社会因素和饮食行为方面的差异。营养教育应包括帮助年轻运动员改变信念（主要是对营养的误解/缺点）、提高自我效能感以及采取特定且理想的饮食行为的策略。营养教育可根据学生运动员参与的运动类型采用不同策略。
