Zhu Peng-Fei, Wang Ming-Xing, Chen Zhe-Ling, Yang Liu
Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
Front Oncol. 2021 Nov 11;11:761107. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.761107. eCollection 2021.
Statins is widely used in clinical practice as lipid-lowering drugs and has been proven to be effective in the treatment of cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic syndrome and other diseases. The latest preclinical evidence shows that statins have anti-proliferation, pro-apoptotic, anti-invasion and radiotherapy sensitization effects on tumor cells, suggesting that statins may become a new type of anti-tumor drugs. For a long time, mevalonate pathway has been proved to play a supporting role in the development of tumor cells. As an effective inhibitor of mevalonate pathway, statins have been proved to have a direct auxiliary anti-tumor effect in a large number of studies. In addition, anti-tumor effects of statins through ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and tumor microenvironment (TME) have also been gradually discovered. However, the specific mechanism of the antitumor effect of statins in the tumor microenvironment has not been clearly elucidated. Herein, we reviewed the antitumor effects of statins in tumor microenvironment, focusing on hypoxia microenvironment, immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, acid microenvironment and mechanical microenvironment.
他汀类药物作为降脂药物在临床实践中被广泛使用，并且已被证明在治疗心血管疾病、内分泌疾病、代谢综合征及其他疾病方面有效。最新的临床前证据表明，他汀类药物对肿瘤细胞具有抗增殖、促凋亡、抗侵袭和放疗增敏作用，这表明他汀类药物可能成为一种新型抗肿瘤药物。长期以来，甲羟戊酸途径已被证明在肿瘤细胞的发展中起支持作用。作为甲羟戊酸途径的有效抑制剂，他汀类药物在大量研究中已被证明具有直接的辅助抗肿瘤作用。此外，他汀类药物通过铁死亡、焦亡、自噬和肿瘤微环境（TME）产生的抗肿瘤作用也已逐渐被发现。然而，他汀类药物在肿瘤微环境中的抗肿瘤作用的具体机制尚未明确阐明。在此，我们综述了他汀类药物在肿瘤微环境中的抗肿瘤作用，重点关注缺氧微环境、免疫微环境、代谢微环境、酸性微环境和机械微环境。
