Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Direção de Laboratórios e Controlo da Qualidade da Água (LAB) da Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres (EPAL), Lisboa, Portugal.
Environ Manage. 2022 Jan;69(1):111-127. doi: 10.1007/s00267-021-01572-w. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
Water quality monitoring is a fundamental tool in the management of freshwater resources. The purpose of monitoring is to provide meaningful quality data for local action planning and catchment-wide decision making. The assessment of water quality is crucial to guarantee the efficient operation of the Water Treatment Plants (WTPs), promoting health conditions and contributing for a more sustainable urban water cycle. In accordance, the objective of this study was to evaluate key target chemical and microbiological water quality parameters, some of them already monitored within Portuguese/EU legal framework and others still not regulated, but with environmental and human heath relevance. A local monitoring database model, using a 6-year period (from 2014 to 2019) of water quality data, regarding water samples collected on representative sampling locations covering the freshwater abstraction sites, conventional WTPs and distribution network was assessed. This work provides new knowledge regarding occurrence and seasonal behaviour for both microbiological and chemical water quality parameters, essential to understand/manage the water supply system. Additionally, relationships between the target variables were also assessed. Particularly, strong correlations were identified between TOC and THMs formation at distribution network (r = 0.69; p ≤ 0.001); nitrates were the water quality parameter that revealed the best correlation between surface water source and treated water (r = 0.81; p ≤ 0.001), suggesting that treatment yield/performance is dependent on surface water load. The local and continuous monitoring of water systems are crucial to implement new approaches to guarantee the best quality of drinking water throughout the supply system.
水质监测是管理淡水资源的基本工具。监测的目的是为地方行动计划和集水区范围的决策提供有意义的水质数据。水质评估对于保证水处理厂（WTP）的高效运行至关重要，有助于促进健康条件并促进更可持续的城市水循环。因此，本研究的目的是评估关键的目标化学和微生物水质参数，其中一些已经在葡萄牙/欧盟法律框架内进行监测，而其他参数尚未得到监管，但具有环境和人类健康方面的相关性。使用 6 年（2014 年至 2019 年）的水质数据，评估了基于代表性采样点收集的水样的本地监测数据库模型，这些采样点覆盖了淡水抽取点、常规 WTP 和配水网络。这项工作提供了有关微生物和化学水质参数的发生和季节性行为的新知识，对于理解/管理供水系统至关重要。此外，还评估了目标变量之间的关系。特别是，在配水网络中发现 TOC 和三卤甲烷形成之间存在很强的相关性（r=0.69；p≤0.001）；硝酸盐是地表水和处理水之间相关性最好的水质参数（r=0.81；p≤0.001），表明处理产率/性能取决于地表水负荷。水系统的本地和连续监测对于实施新方法以确保整个供水系统的饮用水最佳质量至关重要。
