Department of Social Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK.
Int J Psychoanal. 2021 Dec;102(6):1097-1115. doi: 10.1080/00207578.2021.1878004. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Psychoanalysis has made a singular contribution to our understanding of how we live with the past; most importantly, the concept of "deferred action" (it will become clear why I wish to retain the English translation) challenges the association of causality with a particular temporal direction, that is, the earlier-to-later direction of causal efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of "backwards causation" (as it were) based on an application of the theory of object-use to the problem of memory. I begin with some introductory comments on Winnicott's theory of object-use, before presenting clinical observations on a patient's emerging sense of the past. In the theoretical discussion that follows, I consider the problem of memory in light of the clinical example. A discussion of the continued importance of "deferred action" is presented together with the introduction of the concept of "reclamation" as a type of re-descriptive memory.
精神分析学对我们理解如何与过去共存做出了独特的贡献；最重要的是，“延迟行动”的概念（我希望保留英文翻译是有原因的）挑战了因果关系与特定时间方向的联系，即因果效力的更早到更晚的方向。本文的目的是基于对物体使用理论的应用，探索“反向因果关系”（可以这么说）的含义，应用于记忆问题。我首先对温尼科特的物体使用理论进行了一些介绍性评论，然后提出了关于患者对过去的意识逐渐增强的临床观察。在接下来的理论讨论中，我根据临床案例考虑了记忆问题。本文介绍了“延迟行动”的持续重要性，并提出了“开垦”作为一种重新描述性记忆的概念。
