环境健康专业毕业生需要具备哪些能力来管理健康的社会决定因素？
What competencies do environmental health graduates need to manage social determinants of health?
机构信息
Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
出版信息
Environ Health Prev Med. 2021 Dec 4;26(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s12199-021-01036-x.
BACKGROUND
Graduates of environmental health engineering should be able to manage Social Determinants of Health (SDH) and acquire the essential competencies during their studies at university. This study was performed to determine the expected competencies of environmental health graduates in a way to be able to manage environmental and Social Determinants of Health according to their job description.
METHODS
This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using Delphi technique. First, the literature review was done and the Delphi technique was performed in three rounds. The purposeful sampling was used and 50 people were selected among the specialists in the field of environmental health engineering and SDH. Participants answered an open-ended question, for the first round. Then, a questionnaire with 8 areas was designed based on the results of the first round and distributed for the second round. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The third round was done to reach the agreement on final items.
RESULTS
The agreement on the items of the third round of Delphi was more than 70%. The final results showed eight competency areas under which 29 competencies were defined. Competency areas included expert knowledge, reasoning and planning, advocacy, system-based practice, professionalism, instructional expertise, social and personal skills and, research and self-development. The first three priorities of the required competency areas were expert knowledge (4.46 ± 0.55), professionalism (4.42 ± 0.64), and advocacy (4.32 ± 0.77).
CONCLUSIONS
It is necessary that environmental health engineers achieve necessary competencies regarding managing SDH, upon their graduation. It is suggested to integrate these competencies into the curriculum of environmental and health engineering in Iran universities.
背景
环境健康工程专业的毕业生应该能够在大学学习期间管理社会决定因素健康（SDH）并获得必要的能力。本研究旨在确定环境健康毕业生的预期能力，以便能够根据其工作描述管理环境和社会决定因素健康。
方法
本研究采用描述性横断面研究，使用德尔菲技术。首先进行文献回顾，然后进行三轮德尔菲技术。采用目的抽样法，从环境健康工程和 SDH 领域的专家中选择 50 人。参与者回答了第一轮的开放性问题。然后，根据第一轮的结果设计了一个包含 8 个领域的问卷，并进行了第二轮分发。使用描述性统计对数据分析进行了处理。第三轮是为了就最终项目达成一致意见。
结果
德尔菲技术第三轮的项目达成一致的比例超过 70%。最终结果显示，在 8 个能力领域下定义了 29 项能力。能力领域包括专家知识、推理和规划、倡导、基于系统的实践、专业精神、教学专长、社会和个人技能以及研究和自我发展。所需能力领域的前三个优先事项是专家知识（4.46±0.55）、专业精神（4.42±0.64）和倡导（4.32±0.77）。
结论
环境健康工程师在毕业后需要具备管理 SDH 的必要能力。建议将这些能力纳入伊朗大学环境与健康工程课程。
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