成熟 tRNA 5' 端在人类疾病中的新兴作用：现状与展望。
An emerging role of the 5' termini of mature tRNAs in human diseases: Current situation and prospects.
机构信息
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of public health, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
出版信息
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2022 Feb 1;1868(2):166314. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166314. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
The fundamental biological roles of a class of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), derived from mature tRNAs or pre-tRNAs, in human diseases have received increasing attention in recent years. These ncRNAs are called tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) or tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). tRFs mainly include tRF-1, tRF-5, tRF-3 and tRNA halves (tiRNAs or tRHs), which are produced by enzyme-specific cleavage of tRNAs. Here, we classify tRF-5 and 5' tiRNAs into the same category: 5'-tRFs and review the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of 5'-tRFs in cancer and other diseases (metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, pathological stress injury and virus infection) to provide a new theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
近年来，一类来源于成熟 tRNA 或前体 tRNA 的小非编码 RNA（sncRNA）在人类疾病中的基本生物学作用受到越来越多的关注。这些 ncRNA 被称为 tRNA 衍生片段（tRFs）或 tRNA 衍生的小 RNA（tsRNAs）。tRFs 主要包括 tRF-1、tRF-5、tRF-3 和 tRNA 半分子（tiRNA 或 tRH），它们是由 tRNA 特异性酶切产生的。在这里，我们将 tRF-5 和 5' tiRNA 归入同一类别：5'-tRFs，并综述了 5'-tRFs 在癌症和其他疾病（代谢疾病、神经退行性疾病、病理应激损伤和病毒感染）中的生物学功能和调控机制，为疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的理论依据。
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