Yang Na, Li Ruijun, Liu Ruai, Yang Shengjie, Zhao Yi, Xiong Wei, Qiu Lu
College of Resources, Environment and Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, China.
College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
J Cancer. 2024 Jan 27;15(6):1642-1656. doi: 10.7150/jca.89219. eCollection 2024.
Fragments derived from tRNA, called tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), have attracted widespread attention in the past decade. tsRNAs are widespread in prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcriptome, which contains two main types, tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-derived stress-inducing RNA (tiRNAs), derived from the precursor tRNAs or mature tRNAs. According to differences in the cleavage position, tRFs can be divided into tRF-1, tRF-2, tRF-3, tRF-5, and i-tRF, whereas tiRNAs can be divided into 5'-tiRNA and 3'-tiRNA. Studies have found that tRFs and tiRNAs are abnormally expressed in a variety of human malignant tumors, promote or inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells by regulating the expression of oncogene, and play an important role in the aggressive metastasis and progression of tumors. This article reviews the biological origins of various tsRNAs, introduces their functions and new concepts of related mechanisms, and focuses on the molecular mechanisms of tsRNAs in cancer, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, b-cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphoma cell leukemia. Lastly, this article puts forward some unresolved problems and future research prospects.
源自转运RNA（tRNA）的片段，称为tRNA衍生的小RNA（tsRNA），在过去十年中受到了广泛关注。tsRNA广泛存在于原核生物和真核生物转录组中，主要包含两种类型，即源自前体tRNA或成熟tRNA的tRNA衍生片段（tRF）和tRNA衍生的应激诱导RNA（tiRNA）。根据切割位置的不同，tRF可分为tRF-1、tRF-2、tRF-3、tRF-5和i-tRF，而tiRNA可分为5'-tiRNA和3'-tiRNA。研究发现，tRF和tiRNA在多种人类恶性肿瘤中异常表达，通过调节癌基因的表达促进或抑制癌细胞的增殖和凋亡，并在肿瘤的侵袭性转移和进展中发挥重要作用。本文综述了各种tsRNA的生物学起源，介绍了它们的功能及相关机制的新概念，并重点阐述了tsRNA在包括乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、肺癌、B细胞淋巴瘤和慢性淋巴细胞白血病在内的癌症中的分子机制。最后，本文提出了一些尚未解决的问题和未来的研究前景。
