Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 20;808:152144. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152144. Epub 2021 Dec 3.
In this study, the impact of bovine and poultry manure on the quantitative and qualitative composition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the environmental mobilome associated with antimicrobial resistance in soil and crops was determined with the use of next generation sequencing methods. The aim of the study was to perform a metagenomic analysis of manure to estimate the risk of the transmission of ARGs and bacterial drug resistance carriers to fertilized soil and crops. The total copy number of ARGs was nearly four times higher in poultry manure (555 ppm) than in bovine manure (140 ppm), and this relationship was also noted in fertilized soil. Poultry manure induced a much greater increase in the concentrations of ARGs in the soil environment (196.4 ppm) than bovine manure (137.8 ppm) immediately after supplementation. The application of poultry manure led to the highest increase in the abundance of genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines (9%), aminoglycosides (3.5%), sulfonamides (3%), bacitracin (2%), chloramphenicol (2%), and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics (1%). Heavy metals were stronger promoters of antibiotic resistance in the environment than antibiotics. Antibiotics exerted a greater influence on maintaining the diversity of ARGs than on increasing their abundance in soil. Large quantities of insertion sequences (IS), including those associated with the mobility of ARGs in the population of ESKAPEE pathogens, are introduced to soil with manure. These IS remain stable for up to several months, which indicates that manure, in particular poultry manure, significantly increases the risk of rapid ARG transfer to the environment. Manure also largely contributes to an increase in the diversity of the resistome and mobilome in the metagenome of bacteria isolated from crops. Bacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria appear to play a major role in the transmission of multiple ARGs in crops grown for human and animal consumption.
在这项研究中，使用下一代测序方法确定了牛和家禽粪便对土壤和作物中与抗生素抗性相关的环境移动组学以及抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的定量和定性组成的影响。该研究的目的是对粪便进行宏基因组分析，以估计 ARGs 和细菌耐药载体向施肥土壤和作物传播的风险。禽粪中 ARGs 的总拷贝数（555 ppm）几乎是牛粪（140 ppm）的四倍，在施肥土壤中也存在这种关系。禽粪在补充后立即对土壤环境中 ARGs 的浓度产生了更大的影响（196.4 ppm），而牛粪（137.8 ppm）的影响则较小。禽粪的施用导致编码对四环素（9%）、氨基糖苷类（3.5%）、磺胺类（3%）、杆菌肽（2%）、氯霉素（2%）和大环内酯-林可酰胺-链阳性菌素类抗生素（1%）抗性的基因丰度增加最高。重金属是环境中抗生素抗性的更强促进剂，而非抗生素。抗生素对维持土壤中 ARGs 多样性的影响大于增加其丰度。大量的插入序列（IS），包括与 ESKAPEE 病原体种群中 ARG 移动性相关的插入序列，随着粪便被引入土壤。这些 IS 可以稳定存在长达数月之久，这表明粪便（特别是家禽粪便）显著增加了 ARG 向环境快速转移的风险。粪便还大大增加了从作物中分离出的细菌的元基因组中的耐药组和移动组的多样性。变形菌门的细菌似乎在人类和动物食用的作物中多种 ARGs 的传播中起主要作用。
