Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Sep 1;785:147411. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147411. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
This study determined the impact of poultry and bovine manure fertilization on the content of antibiotics, heavy metals (HMs), and the quantitative and qualitative composition of integrase and antibiotic resistance genes in soil, groundwater, and crops cultivated on manure-amended plots. Antibiotic concentration levels were analyzed using the HPLC-MS/MS, heavy metal concentration level were measured by HGAAS and ICP-OES, while the integrase genes and ARGs were quantified using Real-Time PCR (qPCR) method. Manure, soil, and crops samples contained the highest concentration of Zn (10-10 ng g) and Cu (10-10 ng g) of all HMs tested. Manure-supplemented soil was characterised by a high concentration of doxycycline and enrofloxacin. A high abundance of integrase genes was noted in samples of manure (10-10 copies g) and soil (10-10 copies g). Among all the analyzed genes, sul1, sul2, bla and integrase genes were the most common. Results of the study demonstrate the selective character of ARGs transfer from poultry and bovine manure to plants. The only gene to occur in all studied environmental compartments was sul1 (from 10 - groundwater to 10 - poultry manure). It was also found that animal manure may cause an increase in the HMs concentration in soil and their accumulation in crops, which may influence the health of humans and animals consuming crops grown on manure-amended soil. The high abundance of integrase genes and ARGs and their reciprocal correlations with HMs pose a serious risk of the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Moreover, unusual dependencies between integrase genes and selected ARGs indicate the possibility of changes in the mobility nature of genetic elements.
本研究旨在确定禽畜粪便施肥对土壤、地下水和施肥地块种植作物中抗生素、重金属（HM）含量，以及整合酶和抗生素耐药基因的定量和定性组成的影响。采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）分析抗生素浓度，采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（HGAAS）和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定重金属浓度，采用实时荧光定量 PCR（qPCR）法定量整合酶基因和抗生素耐药基因。在所有测试的 HM 中，粪便、土壤和作物样本中 Zn（10-10 ng g）和 Cu（10-10 ng g）的浓度最高。补充粪便的土壤中，强力霉素和恩诺沙星的浓度较高。在粪便（10-10 拷贝 g）和土壤（10-10 拷贝 g）样本中检测到大量整合酶基因。在所分析的所有基因中，sul1、sul2、bla 和整合酶基因最为常见。研究结果表明，抗生素耐药基因从禽畜粪便向植物转移具有选择性。在所研究的所有环境介质中唯一存在的基因是 sul1（从 10-地下水到 10-禽畜粪便）。研究还发现，动物粪便可能导致土壤中 HM 浓度增加，并在作物中积累，这可能影响食用施肥土壤种植的作物的人类和动物的健康。高丰度的整合酶基因和抗生素耐药基因及其与 HM 的相互关系构成了环境中抗生素耐药性快速传播的严重风险。此外，整合酶基因和选定抗生素耐药基因之间的异常依赖性表明遗传元件迁移性质发生变化的可能性。
