Murray Katrina N, Clark Tannia S, Kebus Myron J, Kent Michael L
Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Res Vet Sci. 2021 Nov 20;142:78-93. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.11.005.
Specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals are bred and managed to exclude pathogens associated with significant morbidity or mortality that may secondarily pose a risk to public health, food safety and food security, and research replicability. Generating and maintaining SPF animals requires detailed biosecurity planning for control of housing, environmental, and husbandry factors and a history of regimented pathogen testing. Successful programs involve comprehensive risk analysis and exclusion protocols that are rooted in a thorough understanding of pathogen lifecycle and modes of transmission. In this manuscript we review the current state of SPF in domestic agriculture (pigs and poultry), aquaculture (salmonids and shrimp), and small laboratory mammals. As the use of laboratory fish, especially zebrafish (Danio rerio), as models of human disease is expanding exponentially, it is prudent to define standards for SPF in this field. We use the guiding principles from other SPF industries and evaluate zebrafish pathogens against criteria to be on an SPF list, to propose recommendations for establishing and maintaining SPF laboratory zebrafish.
无特定病原体（SPF）动物的培育和管理旨在排除那些可能会对公共卫生、食品安全和粮食安全以及研究可重复性造成间接风险的、与严重发病或死亡相关的病原体。培育和饲养SPF动物需要针对控制饲养、环境和养殖因素制定详细的生物安全计划，以及有规律的病原体检测历史。成功的项目涉及全面的风险分析和排除方案，这些方案基于对病原体生命周期和传播方式的透彻理解。在本手稿中，我们回顾了国内农业（猪和家禽）、水产养殖（鲑科鱼类和虾）以及小型实验哺乳动物中SPF的现状。由于实验室鱼类，特别是斑马鱼（Danio rerio）作为人类疾病模型的使用正在呈指数级增长，因此在该领域定义SPF标准是明智的。我们借鉴其他SPF行业的指导原则，并根据列入SPF清单的标准评估斑马鱼病原体，以提出建立和维护SPF实验室斑马鱼的建议。
