埃塞俄比亚南部吉贝地区的家庭水处理实践及相关因素：一项基于社区的横断面研究
Household Water Treatment Practice and Associated Factors in Gibe District Southern Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.
作者信息
Tafesse Bereket, Gobena Tesfaye, Baraki Negga, Alemeshet Asefa Yohanis, Adare Mengistu Dechasa
机构信息
Gibe Woreda Enterprise and Industry Development Office, Hadiya, Ethiopia.
Department of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Environ Health Insights. 2021 Nov 23;15:11786302211060150. doi: 10.1177/11786302211060150. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Household water treatment practice or managing water at the point-of-use provides a means of improving drinking water quality and preventing diarrheal diseases. However, evidence regarding household water treatment practice and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly in Southern Ethiopia are limited. This study was, therefore, designed to assess household water treatment practice and associated factors among households in Southern Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 627 households in Southern Ethiopia. A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study and a pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data about household water treatment practice and associated factors among selected households through face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between independent and dependent variables. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the level of association.
RESULTS
This study revealed that the level of household water treatment practice was 34.3% with 95% CI (30.7-38.1) and boiling was the most common method of household water treatment in the study area. Educational status of having formal education (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.34-3), withdrawing water from storage vessel by dipping (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.2-2.87) and frequency of fetching water 3 or more times and above a day (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.45-4.88) were significantly associated with household water treatment practice.
CONCLUSION
Household water treatment practice is low in the study area. Educational status of having a formal education, drawing water by dipping, and those who collect their drinking water 3 or more times a day were predictors of household water treatment practice. Thus, efforts should be made to increase the level of household water treatment practice especially among those with no formal education and further studies should be conducted to understand the behavioral factors associated with household water treatment practice.
背景
家庭水处理做法或在使用点管理水是改善饮用水质量和预防腹泻疾病的一种手段。然而，关于埃塞俄比亚，特别是埃塞俄比亚南部家庭水处理做法及相关因素的证据有限。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚南部家庭的家庭水处理做法及相关因素。
方法
在埃塞俄比亚南部的627户家庭中开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究设计。本研究采用分层随机抽样技术，并使用经过预测试的结构化问卷，通过面对面访谈收集选定家庭的家庭水处理做法及相关因素的数据。使用描述性统计检验对数据进行分析，并进行二元逻辑回归以评估自变量和因变量之间的关联。使用95%置信区间的比值比来确定关联程度。
结果
本研究显示，家庭水处理做法的水平为34.3%，95%置信区间为(30.7 - 38.1)，煮沸是研究区域最常见的家庭水处理方法。接受正规教育的教育程度（调整后比值比 = 2.01，95%置信区间 = 1.34 - 3）、通过 dipping 从储存容器取水（调整后比值比 = 1.86，95%置信区间 = 1.2 - 2.87）以及每天取水3次或更多次（调整后比值比 = 2.65，95%置信区间 = 1.45 - 4.88）与家庭水处理做法显著相关。
结论
研究区域的家庭水处理做法水平较低。接受正规教育的教育程度、通过 dipping 取水以及每天收集饮用水3次或更多次的人群是家庭水处理做法的预测因素。因此，应努力提高家庭水处理做法的水平，特别是在未接受正规教育的人群中，并且应开展进一步研究以了解与家庭水处理做法相关的行为因素。
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