Shaukat Muhammad Zeeshan, Scholz Miklas, Qazi Tehmina Fiaz, Niazi Abdul Aziz Khan, Basit Abdul, Mahmood Asif
Faculty of Management Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Division of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Front Psychol. 2021 Nov 18;12:751882. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.751882. eCollection 2021.
This study aimed to analyze stressors to which medical staff is vulnerable due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It also imposes a hierarchy on complex relations among stressors for excavating underlying structure and builds a model of interrelationships contrasting reality. The design of this study comprises a literature survey, data collection from primary sources, and analysis. Stressors have been explored from within current published/unpublished literature and validated by experts through approval vote. Data were collected from the focus group (panel of experts), and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was used as the research methodology. Findings of ISM are avowed through "cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification" (MICMAC) analysis. As a result of the literature survey, a list of stressors was generated, and a total of 19 stressors qualified as representative of the phenomenon. The results of ISM show that two stressors (i.e., "unavailability of proper personal protective equipment (PPE)" and "lack of proper communication") emerged as the most critical stressors since they occupy the bottom of the model, whereas, four stressors (i.e., "anxious about isolation/quarantine," "subject to violent crimes," "feeling frustrated and powerless," and "exhausting shifts/hours without clear end") are relatively less critical since they occupy the top of the model. The rest of the stressors occupy the middle of the model and therefore, have moderate-severe effects on frontline soldiers. The results of MICMAC show that the stressor "subject to violent crimes" is classified in the dependent cluster and the remaining fall in the linkage cluster but no stressor falls in independent and autonomous. Overall results indicate that all stressors are relevant to the phenomenon under this study, but they are currently not settled. This study is invaluable for policymakers, frontline soldiers, researchers, the international community, and society since it provides a lot of new information that is helpful in refining strategies and combating influential stressors.
本研究旨在分析2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间医护人员易受影响的压力源。它还对压力源之间的复杂关系进行了层次划分，以挖掘潜在结构，并构建一个与现实形成对比的相互关系模型。本研究的设计包括文献调查、从原始资料收集数据以及分析。通过当前已发表/未发表的文献探索压力源，并经专家投票认可进行验证。从焦点小组（专家小组）收集数据，并使用解释性结构建模（ISM）作为研究方法。ISM的结果通过“应用于分类的交叉影响矩阵乘法”（MICMAC）分析予以确认。文献调查产生了一份压力源清单，共有19个压力源被认定为该现象的代表。ISM的结果表明，两个压力源（即“缺乏合适的个人防护装备（PPE）”和“缺乏适当的沟通”）成为最关键的压力源，因为它们处于模型的底层；而四个压力源（即“对隔离/检疫感到焦虑”、“遭受暴力犯罪”、“感到沮丧和无力”以及“轮班/工作时间过长且无明确结束时间”）相对不太关键，因为它们处于模型的顶层。其余压力源处于模型中间位置，因此对一线人员有中度至重度影响。MICMAC的结果表明，压力源“遭受暴力犯罪”被归类为依赖集群，其余的则属于关联集群，但没有压力源属于独立和自主集群。总体结果表明，所有压力源都与本研究中的现象相关，但目前尚未得到解决。本研究对政策制定者、一线人员、研究人员、国际社会和社会都具有重要价值，因为它提供了许多新信息，有助于完善策略并应对有影响力的压力源。
