School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
Riphah School of Business and Management, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2022 May 26;17(5):e0267919. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267919. eCollection 2022.
This study aims to generate a list of enablers of quality enhancement of higher business education in Pakistan and build a structural model of enablers to prioritize them. It also intends to impose direction and hierarchy on the inter-relationships of the enablers. The study's design consists of a literature review, data collection from primary sources, and qualitative analysis. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) coupled with Matriced' Impacts Cruise's Multiplication Appliquée a UN Classement (MICMAC) is used as a research methodology. The classical procedure of ISM and MICMAC is applied to primary data collected by a field survey from a panel of experts recruited from folks of stakeholders of business education. Results of the literature show that eighteen critical enablers enhance the quality of higher business education in Pakistan. Results of ISM show that the enabler 'job placement of graduates' occupies the top-level of the ISM model being least critical. In contrast, the enabler 'intra-academia linkages' occupying the bottom of the model is the most vital. Results of MICMAC show that all enablers, except 'job placement of graduates, are classified into linkage clusters, whereas 'job placement of graduates' is classified as an independent cluster. Overall results of the study show that enablers of quality enhancement of higher business education in Pakistan are agile and not settled. The study has profound theoretical, managerial, and practical implications for all stakeholders of business education. It also provides a research framework for future studies concerning subject phenomena. The discussion about the structural model culminates into policy guidelines for the regulators. The study is subject to some methodological/data/resources limitations like the limited review of literature, collection of data from a medium-size panel of experts from Pakistan only, using majority rule for aggregating responses, answering only that what is related to what, other common limitations of qualitative studies, shot period and absence of financial support. The authors conduct this study in a real-life field setting is built on the original dataset and address the efficient issue of phenomenon understudy differently. It is theory-building research, therefore, does not require prior theory. It exploits simple elementary concepts of Boolean algebra, set theory, and graph theory that generates new in-depth information for stakeholders.
本研究旨在生成一份巴基斯坦高等商业教育质量提升的推动者清单，并构建一个推动者的结构模型，以对其进行优先排序。它还旨在为推动者的相互关系施加方向和层次。研究设计包括文献回顾、从主要来源收集数据和定性分析。解释结构建模 (ISM) 与矩阵影响乘法应用于分类 (MICMAC) 相结合被用作研究方法。ISM 和 MICMAC 的经典程序应用于通过从商业教育利益相关者的专家小组招募的面板进行实地调查收集的原始数据。文献研究的结果表明，十八个关键推动者提高了巴基斯坦高等商业教育的质量。ISM 的结果表明，推动者“毕业生的工作安置”占据了 ISM 模型的最高层，是最不重要的。相比之下，模型底部的推动者“校内联系”是最关键的。MICMAC 的结果表明，除了“毕业生的工作安置”之外，所有推动者都被归类为联系集群，而“毕业生的工作安置”被归类为独立集群。总体研究结果表明，巴基斯坦高等商业教育质量提升的推动者是灵活的，而非固定不变的。该研究对商业教育的所有利益相关者具有深远的理论、管理和实践意义。它还为未来关于主题现象的研究提供了一个研究框架。关于结构模型的讨论最终为监管者制定了政策指南。该研究受到一些方法/数据/资源限制的限制，例如文献综述有限、仅从巴基斯坦的一个中等规模的专家小组收集数据、使用多数规则汇总响应、仅回答与相关的问题、其他定性研究的常见限制、短暂的研究时间和缺乏资金支持。作者在真实的实地环境中进行这项研究，该研究基于原始数据集，以不同的方式解决研究现象的有效问题。它是理论构建研究，因此不需要先验理论。它利用布尔代数、集合论和图论的简单基本概念，为利益相关者生成新的深入信息。
