Qiao Rui, Li Jiayan, Gong Jiami, Shao Yuchen, Yu Jizhen, Chen Yumeng, Lu Yinying, Yang Luxuan, Lin Luanfeng, Hu Zixin, Wang Pengfei, Zhao Xiaoyu, Zhang Wenhong
Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Infection and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Oncology Target Discovery and Antibody Drug Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Jun 12;13(6):635. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13060635.
The continuous evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) underscore the critical role of vaccination in pandemic control. These mutations not only enhance viral infectivity but also facilitate immune evasion and diminish vaccine efficacy, necessitating ongoing surveillance and vaccine adaptation. Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, including inactivated, live-attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, virus-like particle, and nucleic acid vaccines, face challenges due to the immune evasion strategies of emerging variants. Moreover, other sarbecoviruses, such as SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) pose a potential risk for future outbreaks. Thus, developing vaccines capable of countering emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and providing broad protection against multiple sarbecoviruses is imperative. Several innovative vaccine platforms are being investigated to elicit broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody responses, offering protection against both current SARS-CoV-2 variants and other sarbecoviruses. This review presents an updated overview of the key target antigens and therapeutic strategies employed in current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Additionally, we summarize ongoing approaches for the development of vaccines targeting infectious sarbecoviruses.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的持续进化以及值得关注的变异株（VOCs）的出现凸显了疫苗接种在疫情防控中的关键作用。这些突变不仅增强了病毒的传染性，还促进了免疫逃逸并降低了疫苗效力，因此需要持续监测和调整疫苗。目前的SARS-CoV-2疫苗，包括灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、蛋白亚单位疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗和核酸疫苗，由于新出现变异株免疫逃逸策略而面临挑战。此外，其他沙贝病毒，如SARS-CoV-1和与SARS相关的冠状病毒（SARSr-CoVs）对未来疫情爆发构成潜在风险。因此，开发能够对抗新出现的SARS-CoV-2变异株并对多种沙贝病毒提供广泛保护的疫苗势在必行。正在研究几种创新疫苗平台以引发广谱中和抗体反应，从而为当前的SARS-CoV-2变异株和其他沙贝病毒提供保护。本综述介绍了当前SARS-CoV-2疫苗中使用的关键靶抗原和治疗策略的最新概述。此外，我们总结了针对感染性沙贝病毒的疫苗开发的现有方法。
Vaccines (Basel). 2025-6-12
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