Shah Adnan Noor, Tanveer Mohsin, Abbas Asad, Yildirim Mehmet, Shah Anis Ali, Ahmad Muhammad Irfan, Wang Zhiwei, Sun Weiwei, Song Youhong
School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Nov 2;12:699085. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699085. eCollection 2021.
High plant density is considered a proficient approach to increase maize production in countries with limited agricultural land; however, this creates a high risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion by reducing the ratio of biomass to the development of the stem and ear. Stem lodging and kernel abortion are major constraints in maize yield production for high plant density cropping; therefore, it is very important to overcome stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. In this review, we discuss various morphophysiological and genetic characteristics of maize that may reduce the risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion, with a focus on carbohydrate metabolism and partitioning in maize. These characteristics illustrate a strong relationship between stem lodging resistance and kernel abortion. Previous studies have focused on targeting lignin and cellulose accumulation to improve lodging resistance. Nonetheless, a critical analysis of the literature showed that considering sugar metabolism and examining its effects on lodging resistance and kernel abortion in maize may provide considerable results to improve maize productivity. A constructive summary of management approaches that could be used to efficiently control the effects of stem lodging and kernel abortion is also included. The preferred management choice is based on the genotype of maize; nevertheless, various genetic and physiological approaches can control stem lodging and kernel abortion. However, plant growth regulators and nutrient application can also help reduce the risk for stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize.
在农业用地有限的国家，高密度种植被认为是提高玉米产量的有效途径；然而，这会降低生物量与茎和穗发育的比例，从而带来茎倒伏和籽粒败育的高风险。茎倒伏和籽粒败育是高密度种植玉米产量的主要限制因素；因此，克服玉米的茎倒伏和籽粒败育非常重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了玉米的各种形态生理和遗传特征，这些特征可能会降低茎倒伏和籽粒败育的风险，重点是玉米中的碳水化合物代谢和分配。这些特征表明茎抗倒伏性与籽粒败育之间存在密切关系。以往的研究主要集中在靶向木质素和纤维素积累以提高抗倒伏性。尽管如此，对文献的批判性分析表明，考虑糖代谢并研究其对玉米抗倒伏性和籽粒败育的影响可能会为提高玉米生产力提供可观的成果。本文还建设性地总结了可用于有效控制茎倒伏和籽粒败育影响的管理方法。首选的管理选择基于玉米的基因型；然而，各种遗传和生理方法都可以控制茎倒伏和籽粒败育。此外，植物生长调节剂和养分施用也有助于降低玉米茎倒伏和籽粒败育的风险。
