Arshad Muhammad, Nawaz Rab, Ahmad Sajjad, Irshad Muhammad Atif, Irfan Ali, Qayyum Mir Muhammad Nasir, Almaary Khalid S, Afzaal Muhammad, Ahmed Zulkfil, Bourhia Mohammed
Department of Agriculture & Food Technology, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.
Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Apr 4;25(1):428. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06433-w.
Maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield are severely affected due to intraspecific competition and agroclimatic conditions when cultivated with high plant densities. Field trials comprising four daily thinning patterns (0, 0.5, 1.0, &1.5% till silking) carried out in three consecutive years (2019-2021) using RCBD experimental design consisting of three replicates. Growth variables, dry matter allocation and growth rates in maize were examined during five biweekly periods starting from the emergence (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after emergence, DAE) till silking whereas yield parameters i.e., biological yield, economic yield, and sustainability yield index (SYI) were recorded. Biweekly increase in growth variables, dry matter partitioning and growth rates of maize differed significantly due to the influence of daily thinning computed for the periods from 31 to 45, 46 to 60 and 61 to 75 DAE but the same parameters didn't differ significantly during the first two biweekly periods (1-15 & 16-30 DAE). Increase in growth variables, dry matter distribution, absolute growth rate (AGR), yield and SYI was the greatest where maize was established with 1% daily thinning. This increase in growth and dry matter partition observed highly associated to economic yield and biological yield. Current research highlighted that 3, 4 and 5 biweekly periods are the most critical stages and daily thinning of 1% is suggested for higher and sustainable economic and biological returns from high density broadcasted maize.
当以高种植密度种植时，玉米（Zea mays L.）的生长和产量会受到种内竞争和农业气候条件的严重影响。连续三年（2019 - 2021年）采用随机区组设计（RCBD）进行了田间试验，该设计包含三个重复，试验设置了四种每日间苗模式（抽雄前0%、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%）。从出苗期（出苗后15、30、45、60和75天，DAE）开始，在五个每两周一次的时期内，对玉米的生长变量、干物质分配和生长速率进行了研究，直至抽雄期，同时记录了产量参数，即生物产量、经济产量和可持续性产量指数（SYI）。由于计算了出苗后31至45天、46至60天和61至75天期间的每日间苗影响，玉米生长变量、干物质分配和生长速率的每两周增加量存在显著差异，但在前两个每两周时期（出苗后1 - 15天和16 - 30天），相同参数没有显著差异。在每日间苗1%的情况下建立的玉米，其生长变量、干物质分布、绝对生长速率（AGR）、产量和SYI的增加最大。观察到的这种生长和干物质分配的增加与经济产量和生物产量高度相关。当前研究强调，3、4和5个每两周时期是最关键的阶段，建议对高密度撒播玉米进行1%的每日间苗，以获得更高和可持续的经济及生物回报。
