Srivastava Rakesh K, Satyavathi C Tara, Mahendrakar Mahesh D, Singh Ram B, Kumar Sushil, Govindaraj Mahalingam, Ghazi Irfan A
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India.
All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Jodhpur, India.
Front Genet. 2021 Nov 18;12:723472. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.723472. eCollection 2021.
Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) micronutrient deficiencies are significant health concerns, particularly among the underprivileged and resource-poor people in the semi-arid tropics globally. Pearl millet is regarded as a climate-smart crop with low water and energy footprints. It thrives well under adverse agro-ecologies such as high temperatures and limited rainfall. Pearl millet is regarded as a nutri-cereal owing to health-promoting traits such as high grain Fe and Zn content, metabolizable energy, high antioxidant and polyphenols, high proportion of slowly digestible starches, dietary fibers, and favorable essential amino acid profile compared to many cereals. Higher genetic variability for grain Fe and Zn content has facilitated considerable progress in mapping and mining QTLs, alleles and genes underlying micronutrient metabolism. This has been made possible by developing efficient genetic and genomic resources in pearl millet over the last decade. These include genetic stocks such as bi-parental RIL mapping populations, association mapping panels, chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) and TILLING populations. On the genomics side, considerable progress has been made in generating genomic markers, such as SSR marker repository development. This was followed by the development of a next-generation sequencing-based genome-wide SNP repository. The circa 1,000 genomes re-sequencing project played a significant role. A high-quality reference genome was made available by re-sequencing of world diversity panel, mapping population parents and hybrid parental lines. This mini-review attempts to provide information on the current developments on mapping Fe and Zn content in pearl millet and future outlook.
铁（Fe）和锌（Zn）微量营养素缺乏是重大的健康问题，在全球半干旱热带地区的贫困和资源匮乏人群中尤为突出。珍珠粟被视为一种气候智能型作物，具有低水足迹和低能源足迹。它在高温和降雨有限等不利农业生态条件下生长良好。由于具有促进健康的特性，如高籽粒铁和锌含量、可代谢能量、高抗氧化剂和多酚、高比例的慢消化淀粉、膳食纤维以及与许多谷物相比有利的必需氨基酸谱，珍珠粟被视为一种营养谷物。籽粒铁和锌含量的较高遗传变异性推动了在定位和挖掘微量营养素代谢相关的数量性状位点（QTL）、等位基因和基因方面取得了相当大的进展。在过去十年中，通过在珍珠粟中开发高效的遗传和基因组资源，这已成为可能。这些资源包括遗传群体，如双亲重组自交系定位群体、关联作图群体、染色体片段代换系（CSSL）和定向诱导基因组局部突变群体（TILLING）。在基因组学方面，在生成基因组标记方面取得了相当大的进展，例如开发SSR标记库。随后开发了基于新一代测序的全基因组SNP库。大约1000个基因组的重测序项目发挥了重要作用。通过对世界多样性群体、定位群体亲本和杂交亲本系进行重测序，获得了高质量的参考基因组。本综述试图提供有关珍珠粟中铁和锌含量定位的当前进展及未来展望的信息。
