Andersen M D
Int J Addict. 1986 Jan;21(1):105-22. doi: 10.3109/10826088609063441.
One hundred and fifty five drug-dependent women in an urban hospital emergency room in Detroit, Michigan, were the subjects for this 3-year exploratory field study. Subjects were women who told the emergency room staff that while they wanted assistance with their presenting health problems, they wanted no assistance with their drug addiction. The women were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control study group. Both groups received a pretest in the emergency room, a posttest between 8 and 12 weeks after their emergency room visit, and a follow-up test 6 months after the posttest. In addition, the experimental women were seen by project nurses, primarily in their homes, for a maximum of eight visits on a once-a-week basis. The experimental women were treated using "Personalized Nursing," a nursing intervention model, which focused on providing assistance for client-identified concerns. It was hypothesized that interaction with the Personalized Nursing Intervention Model would be associated with: a decrease in daily drug cost and a decrease in perceived stress. Results show that while there were no differences between the study groups at the pretest interview, the experimental group reported a lower daily drug cost (F(1, 95) = 2.90; p = 0.09), a lower daily heroin cost (U = 165; p = .01), less perceived stress (F(1, 84) = 3.00; p = .09) and emotional distress (F(1, 83) = 3.70; p = .06) than control subjects at the 8-week posttest. The experimental subjects also reported less perceived stress (t(65) = -2.35; p = .02) at 6-month follow-up than control subjects. It was found that results could be improved if members of the experimental clients' social networks were treated simultaneously and if project nurses were correctly utilizing the model. Implications for substance abuse treatment programs are discussed. The encouraging results of this exploratory study warrant follow-up and replication.
密歇根州底特律市一家城市医院急诊室的155名药物依赖女性成为了这项为期3年的探索性实地研究的对象。研究对象是那些告知急诊室工作人员，虽然她们希望解决当前的健康问题，但不希望在药物成瘾方面获得帮助的女性。这些女性被随机分配到实验组或对照组。两组在急诊室都接受了预测试，在急诊室就诊后8至12周进行了后测试，并在6个月后进行了跟进测试。此外，实验组的女性主要在家中接受项目护士的探访，每周最多探访8次。实验组的女性采用“个性化护理”这一护理干预模式进行治疗，该模式侧重于为客户确定的问题提供帮助。研究假设，与个性化护理干预模式的互动将带来以下结果：每日药物费用降低以及感知压力降低。结果显示，虽然在预测试访谈时两组之间没有差异，但在8周后的后测试中，实验组报告的每日药物费用较低（F(1, 95) = 2.90；p = 0.09），每日海洛因费用较低（U = 165；p = .01），感知压力较小（F(1, 84) = 3.00；p = .09），情绪困扰也较小（F(1, 83) = 3.70；p = .06）。在6个月的跟进测试中，实验组受试者报告的感知压力也比对照组受试者小（t(65) = -2.35；p = .02）。研究发现，如果同时治疗实验组客户社交网络中的成员，并且项目护士正确运用该模式，结果会得到改善。文中讨论了对药物滥用治疗项目的启示。这项探索性研究的令人鼓舞的结果值得进行后续研究和重复验证。
