Andersen M D
NIDA Res Monogr. 1985;58:67-82.
The study indicates that nurses can affect stress and drug use in addicted women. At the 8-week posttest, daily drug cost and daily heroin costs had gone down for the experimental group. However, at the 6-month posttest, daily drug cost and daily heroin cost for the experimental group increased, although it did not reach its initial pre-intervention levels. The increase in drug costs at 6-month followup is probably a result of the lack of nursing intervention after the 8-week period. Interestingly, both the drug costs and heroin costs of the control group went down at 6 months. In other words, the control group decreased use also, only at a slower pace. What accounted for this decrease in use by the control group at 6 months? Several speculations are offered. The single Personalized Nursing Intervention counseling in the ER may have had an impact on the client. Controls who had had the single intervention in the ER were receptive to followup and were easily found. (Originally the single intervention in the ER was not part of the design. However, about 20 clients who had not had Personalized Nursing Intervention in the ER but who just answered the initial questionnaire were never found for followup. Because of the followup and ethical considerations, project staff members instituted the single ER intervention.) Another speculation is that of "burnout," a phenomenon that can be seen in both experimental and control groups. The mean age of the total population was 28.5, number of times arrested was 7.25, and age at first drug use was 16. It appeared that the following factors evoked a desire for change in these women: 1) leading a drug lifestyle for so many years, 2) the approach of age 30, 3) entrance into adolescence of their own children, and 4) the ER episode. Personalized Nursing Intervention could be considered a catalyst toward lifestyle change. Examination of daily drug cost and the Ireton emotional distress score showed trends indicating that the experimentals with network participation made larger gains than the control group or experimentals without networks. Further study on the use of client networks in treatment is indicated.
该研究表明，护士能够影响成瘾女性的压力及药物使用情况。在8周后的测试中，实验组的每日药物费用和每日海洛因费用有所下降。然而，在6个月后的测试中，实验组的每日药物费用和每日海洛因费用有所增加，尽管未达到干预前的初始水平。6个月随访时药物费用的增加可能是由于8周后缺乏护理干预所致。有趣的是，对照组的药物费用和海洛因费用在6个月时均有所下降。换句话说，对照组的药物使用量也有所减少，只是速度较慢。是什么导致了对照组在6个月时药物使用量的减少呢？对此有几种推测。在急诊室进行的单次个性化护理干预咨询可能对患者产生了影响。在急诊室接受过单次干预的对照组患者愿意接受随访且很容易找到。（最初，急诊室的单次干预并非设计的一部分。然而，约20名在急诊室未接受个性化护理干预但仅回答了初始问卷的患者从未被找到进行随访。出于随访和伦理考虑，项目工作人员开展了急诊室单次干预。）另一种推测是“倦怠”现象，在实验组和对照组中均可见到。总人群的平均年龄为28.5岁，被捕次数为7.25次，首次使用药物的年龄为16岁。似乎以下因素促使这些女性渴望改变：1）多年来的吸毒生活方式；2）接近30岁；3）自己的孩子进入青春期；4）急诊室事件。个性化护理干预可被视为生活方式改变的催化剂。对每日药物费用和艾雷顿情绪困扰评分的检查显示，有网络参与的实验组比对照组或无网络的实验组取得了更大的进展。表明需要对在治疗中使用患者网络进行进一步研究。
