Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Ningbo 315000, China.
Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315000, China.
Can Respir J. 2021 Nov 24;2021:5434315. doi: 10.1155/2021/5434315. eCollection 2021.
Several large-scale studies suggest that Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in early childhood may reduce the risk of atopic diseases, but the findings remain controversial. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential correlation between early childhood BCG vaccination and the risk of developing atopic diseases.
Eligible studies published on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were systematically sourced from 1950 to July 2021. Studies with over 100 participants and focusing on the association between BCG vaccine and atopic diseases including eczema, asthma, and rhinitis were included. Preliminary assessment of methods, interventions, outcomes, and study quality was performed by two independent investigators. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Random effects of the meta-analysis were performed to define pooled estimates of the effects.
Twenty studies with a total of 222,928 participants were selected. The quantitative analysis revealed that administering BCG vaccine in early childhood reduced the risk of developing asthma significantly (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.93), indicating a protective efficacy of 23% against asthma development among vaccinated children. However, early administration of BCG vaccine did not significantly reduce the risk of developing eczema (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.16) and rhinitis (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.21). Further analysis revealed that the effect of BCG vaccination on asthma prevalence was significant especially in developed countries (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.92).
BCG vaccination in early childhood is associated with reduced risk of atopic disease, especially in developed countries.
几项大规模研究表明，婴幼儿时期接种卡介苗（BCG）可能降低特应性疾病的风险，但研究结果仍存在争议。在此，我们旨在探究婴幼儿时期 BCG 接种与特应性疾病（包括湿疹、哮喘和鼻炎）发病风险之间的潜在相关性。
系统检索了 1950 年至 2021 年 7 月间在 PubMed、EMBASE 和 Cochrane CENTRAL 上发表的合格研究。纳入了超过 100 名参与者且聚焦于 BCG 疫苗与特应性疾病之间关联的研究。两名独立研究者对方法、干预措施、结局和研究质量进行了初步评估。计算了比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）。采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析以明确汇总效应的估计值。
共纳入了 20 项研究，总计 222928 名参与者。定量分析显示，婴幼儿时期接种 BCG 疫苗可显著降低哮喘发病风险（OR 0.77，95% CI 0.63 至 0.93），表明接种儿童的哮喘发病风险降低了 23%。然而，婴幼儿时期接种 BCG 疫苗并不会显著降低湿疹（OR 0.94，95% CI 0.76 至 1.16）和鼻炎（OR 0.99，95% CI 0.81 至 1.21）的发病风险。进一步分析表明，BCG 疫苗接种对哮喘患病率的影响在发达国家中尤为显著（OR 0.73，95% CI 0.58 至 0.92）。
婴幼儿时期接种 BCG 疫苗与特应性疾病风险降低相关，尤其在发达国家。
