Jarrahi Behnaz, McEwen Sarah C, Holschneider Daniel P, Schiehser Dawn M, Petkus Andrew J, Gomez Megan E, Van Horn Jack D, Filoteo Vincent, Jakowec Michael W, Petzinger Giselle M
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Pacific Brain Health Center, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
Brain Plast. 2021 Oct 19;7(2):77-95. doi: 10.3233/BPL-200115. eCollection 2021.
Studies in aging older adults have shown the positive association between cognition and exercise related fitness, particularly cardiorespiratory fitness. These reports have also demonstrated the association of high cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as other types of fitness, on the reversal of age-related decline in neural network connectivity, highlighting the potential role of fitness on age- and disease-related brain changes. While the clinical benefits of exercise are well-documented in Parkinson's disease (PD), the extent to which cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed by estimated VO testing) or motor skill fitness (assessed by the Physical Performance Test (PPT)) affects neural network connectivity in PD remains to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the hypothesis that higher fitness level is associated with an increase in the intrinsic network connectivity of cognitive networks commonly affected in PD.
In this cross-sectional resting state fMRI, we used a multivariate statistical approach based on high-dimensional independent component analysis (ICA) to investigate the association between two independent fitness metrics (estimated VO and PPT) and resting state network connectivity.
We found that increased estimated VO was associated with increased network connectivity in cognitive networks known to be impaired in PD, including those sub-serving memory and executive function. There was a similar trend for high levels of PPT to be associated with increased network connectivity in distinct resting state networks. The functional network connectivity analysis revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with increased functional connectivity between somatosensory motor network and several cognitive networks sub-serving memory, attention, and executive function.
This study provides important empirical data supporting the potential association between two forms of fitness and multiple resting state networks impacting PD cognition. Linking fitness to circuit specific modulation of resting state network connectivity will help establish a neural basis for the positive effects of fitness and specific exercise modalities and provide a foundation to identify underlying mechanisms to promote repair.
针对老年人的研究表明，认知与运动相关的体能之间存在正相关，尤其是心肺功能。这些报告还证明了高心肺功能以及其他类型的体能与神经网络连接中与年龄相关的衰退逆转之间的关联，突出了体能在与年龄和疾病相关的大脑变化中的潜在作用。虽然运动对帕金森病（PD）的临床益处已有充分记录，但心肺功能（通过估计的VO测试评估）或运动技能体能（通过身体表现测试（PPT）评估）对PD神经网络连接的影响程度仍有待研究。本研究的目的是探讨以下假设：较高的体能水平与PD中常见受影响的认知网络的内在网络连接增加有关。
在这项横断面静息态功能磁共振成像研究中，我们使用基于高维独立成分分析（ICA）的多变量统计方法来研究两个独立的体能指标（估计的VO和PPT）与静息态网络连接之间的关联。
我们发现，估计的VO增加与PD中已知受损的认知网络中的网络连接增加有关，包括那些服务于记忆和执行功能的网络。高水平的PPT与不同静息态网络中网络连接增加之间也有类似趋势。功能网络连接分析显示，心肺功能与体感运动网络和几个服务于记忆、注意力和执行功能的认知网络之间的功能连接增加有关。
本研究提供了重要的实证数据，支持两种形式的体能与影响PD认知的多个静息态网络之间的潜在关联。将体能与静息态网络连接的特定回路调节联系起来，将有助于建立体能和特定运动方式积极作用的神经基础，并为识别促进修复的潜在机制提供基础。
