Fujita Rafael Akira, Santos Daniel Peterossi Rodrigues, Barbosa Roberto Negri, Palucci Vieira Luiz Henrique, Santiago Paulo Roberto Pereira, Zagatto Alessandro Moura, Gomes Matheus Machado
University of São Paulo.
São Paulo State University (UNESP).
Res Q Exerc Sport. 2023 Mar;94(1):55-63. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1939252. Epub 2021 Dec 6.
Identifying the magnitude of ball rotation is critical to reduce response time, aiming to improve table tennis performance. This study analyzed the influence of auditory and visual information on the perception accuracy and counterattack performance of table tennis players. Twenty-two high-level table tennis players (22.5 ± 6.1 years, 71.2 ± 9.8 kg, 173.5 ± 7.7 cm) performed two tasks. In the first task, the athletes analyzed audio and video files of the forehand movement on a computer screen with auditory, visual, and combined information and, as soon as possible, chose the ball spin type on a keyboard: fast (spinning ball forward at 140 rotations per second (rotations/s); medium (105 rotations/s); slow (84 rotations/s); or flat hit (70 rotations/s). In the second task, the athletes performed 80 counterattacks (forehand movement) at the table on a target (68x38 cm) with and without auditory information. Friedman's ANOVA revealed a significant effect of condition for perception accuracy ( < .001). Post hoc tests showed higher perception accuracy in the combined and visual conditions. ANOVA also revealed a significant effect of condition for response time to perceive ball rotation ( < .001). The response time was shorter in the combined condition than the other conditions for all spin types. Kendall's analyses showed no significant correlations between perception accuracy and response time in any ball spin type. Regarding the counterattack performance, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated higher performance when auditory information was available (.022). As auditory information influences the response time and counterattack performance, it seems crucial for trainers and athletes to explore and include auditory perception training methods.
识别球的旋转幅度对于缩短反应时间至关重要，目的是提高乒乓球运动表现。本研究分析了听觉和视觉信息对乒乓球运动员感知准确性和反击表现的影响。22名高水平乒乓球运动员（年龄22.5±6.1岁，体重71.2±9.8千克，身高173.5±7.7厘米）完成两项任务。在第一项任务中，运动员在电脑屏幕上分析正手动作的音频和视频文件，这些文件包含听觉、视觉及组合信息，然后尽快在键盘上选择球的旋转类型：快（每秒140转向前旋转的球）；中（105转/秒）；慢（84转/秒）；或平击（70转/秒）。在第二项任务中，运动员在球桌上对一个目标（68×38厘米）进行80次反击（正手动作），分别在有和没有听觉信息的情况下进行。弗里德曼方差分析显示条件对感知准确性有显著影响（<.001）。事后检验表明，在组合信息和视觉信息条件下感知准确性更高。方差分析还显示条件对感知球旋转的反应时间有显著影响（<.001）。对于所有旋转类型，组合信息条件下的反应时间比其他条件下更短。肯德尔分析表明，在任何球旋转类型中，感知准确性与反应时间之间均无显著相关性。关于反击表现，威尔科克森符号秩检验表明，有听觉信息时表现更高（.022）。由于听觉信息会影响反应时间和反击表现，因此对于教练和运动员来说，探索并纳入听觉感知训练方法似乎至关重要。
