Eder Heinrich, Schlattl Helmut
Bavarian Environment Agency (formerly), priv. Am Stadtpark 43, 81243 München, Germany.
Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
J Radiol Prot. 2021 Dec 6;41(4). doi: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac191a.
This review article provides an overview on the results of studies conducted by the authors to improve the current personal protection concept in the clinical application of x-rays. With the aid of personal dose equivalent measurements during radiologically guided clinical interventions, laboratory tests using the Alderson-Rando phantom as well as Monte Carlo simulations various x-ray application scenarios were investigated. The organ doses and the effective doses of staff persons standing near the patient were determined. The 3D-attenuation properties of protective clothing under the scattered radiation emitted by the patient play a special role here. With regard to the minimisation of the quantity 'effective dose' the protection of the lower body from the gonads to the chest is of particular importance, since 80% of the effective dose is contributed by this region of the body. In contrast, protection of the back plays a subordinate role. Protective aprons optimised in terms of effective dose can be significantly lighter than conventional aprons, providing equal protection. The assessment of the attenuation properties of protective clothing should be based on the risk-related dose quantity, effective dose, rather than lead equivalent. In the future, the evaluation of radiation protective clothing could be based on the calculation of the effective dose assuming standardised irradiation conditions.
这篇综述文章概述了作者为改进当前X射线临床应用中的个人防护概念而开展的研究结果。借助放射学引导临床干预期间的个人剂量当量测量、使用Alderson-Rando体模的实验室测试以及蒙特卡洛模拟，对各种X射线应用场景进行了研究。确定了站在患者附近的工作人员的器官剂量和有效剂量。患者发出的散射辐射下防护服的三维衰减特性在此起着特殊作用。关于“有效剂量”量的最小化，从性腺到胸部的下半身防护尤为重要，因为该身体区域贡献了80%的有效剂量。相比之下，背部防护作用较小。在有效剂量方面优化的防护围裙可比传统围裙显著更轻，同时提供同等防护。防护服衰减特性的评估应基于与风险相关的剂量量——有效剂量，而非铅当量。未来，辐射防护服的评估可基于在标准化照射条件下有效剂量的计算。
