Gambrell R P
Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute, Center for Coastal, Energy, and Environmental Resources, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803.
J Environ Qual. 1994 Sep;23(5):883-891. doi: 10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300050005x.
The mobility and plant availability of many trace and toxic metals in wetland soils is often substantially different from upland soils. Oxidation-reduction (redox) and associated pH changes that occur in soils as a result of flooding or drainage can affect the retention and release of metals by clay minerals, organic matter, iron oxides, and, for coastal wetlands, sulfides. Except where a flooded soil or sediment becomes strongly acid upon drainage and oxidation, as sometimes occurs, the processes immobilizing metals tend to be complimentary such that large-scale metal releases from contaminated soils and sediments do not occur with changing redox conditions. Metals tend to be retained more strongly in wetland soils compared with upland soils.
湿地土壤中许多微量和有毒金属的迁移性及植物有效性通常与旱地土壤有很大不同。由于洪水或排水导致土壤中发生的氧化还原（redox）及相关pH变化，会影响粘土矿物、有机物、铁氧化物以及对于沿海湿地而言的硫化物对金属的保留和释放。除非像有时发生的那样，被淹没的土壤或沉积物在排水和氧化时变得强酸性，否则固定金属的过程往往是互补的，以至于不会随着氧化还原条件的变化而从受污染的土壤和沉积物中大规模释放金属。与旱地土壤相比，金属往往在湿地土壤中保留得更牢固。
