Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3200, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2022 Nov 1;14(11):a040733. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040733.
Imaginal discs are simple epithelial sacs found in larvae, which generate adult structures including wings and legs. The first studies of imaginal disc regeneration involved technically challenging transplantation experiments. Yet despite the difficulty, many aspects of regeneration including wound healing, blastema formation, and the repatterning of regenerated tissue were characterized. An important discovery was the phenomenon of transdetermination, where a small group of cells in regenerating tissue collectively switch fate ("collective cell reprogramming"). The development of genetic tissue-ablation systems over the last 12 years has energized this field, by making experiments less technically challenging, more reproducible, and by incorporating additional genetic analysis. Recent progress includes defining mechanistic links between early responses to wounding and the signaling pathways that drive proliferation, uncovering a role for localized silencing of damage-responsive enhancers to limit regenerative capacity as tissues mature, and identifying genes that maintain cellular plasticity within acceptable limits during regeneration.
imaginal discs 是在幼虫中发现的简单的上皮囊，它们产生包括翅膀和腿在内的成虫结构。最早的 imaginal disc 再生研究涉及到具有挑战性的移植实验。尽管存在困难，但包括伤口愈合、芽基形成和再生组织的重新模式化在内的许多再生方面都得到了描述。一个重要的发现是转决定现象，即在再生组织中的一小群细胞集体改变命运（“细胞集体重编程”）。过去 12 年来，遗传组织消融系统的发展通过使实验更具技术挑战性、更具可重复性并结合额外的遗传分析，激发了这一领域的发展。最近的进展包括确定早期对损伤的反应与驱动增殖的信号通路之间的机制联系，揭示了在组织成熟过程中，通过局部沉默损伤反应增强子来限制再生能力的作用，并确定了在再生过程中保持细胞可塑性在可接受范围内的基因。
