Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Rev Med Virol. 2022 Jul;32(4):e2316. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2316. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
The complement system, as a vital part of innate immunity, has an important role in the clearance of pathogens; however, unregulated activation of this system probably has a key role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury, which is induced by highly pathogenic viruses (i.e. influenza A viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] coronavirus). The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which is the causal agent for the ongoing global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), has recently been spread to almost all countries around the world. Although most people are immunocompetent to SARS-CoV-2, a small group develops hyper-inflammation that leads to complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multi-organ failure. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the complement system exerts a crucial role in this inflammatory reaction. Additionally, patients with the severe form of Covid-19 show over-activation of the complement in their skin, sera, and lungs. This study aims to summarise current knowledge concerning the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the complement system and to critically appraise complement inhibition as a potential new approach for Covid-19 treatment.
补体系统作为先天免疫系统的重要组成部分，在清除病原体方面发挥着重要作用；然而，该系统的不受调节的激活可能在由高致病性病毒（即甲型流感病毒和严重急性呼吸系统综合征[SARS]冠状病毒）引起的急性肺损伤发病机制中起着关键作用。新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 是导致当前全球 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的病原体，最近已传播到世界几乎所有国家。尽管大多数人对 SARS-CoV-2 具有免疫能力，但一小部分人会出现过度炎症，导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征、弥散性血管内凝血和多器官衰竭等并发症。新出现的证据表明，补体系统在这种炎症反应中发挥着关键作用。此外，COVID-19 重症患者的皮肤、血清和肺部表现出补体过度激活。本研究旨在总结 SARS-CoV-2 与补体系统相互作用的现有知识，并批判性地评估补体抑制作为 COVID-19 治疗的一种潜在新方法。
