Section for Military Leadership and Sport, Norwegian Defence University College, Oslo, Norway.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Feb;23(2):301-309. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2012597. Epub 2021 Dec 29.
Self-reported physical fitness has advantages in cost and time over objective methods, but previous studies demonstrate equivocal conclusions regarding validity. Methods for self-reporting are usually based on subjective judgements, while another approach includes performing field tests at home. The Norwegian military relies on the latter method for conscript selection, but its validity is unknown and should be investigated. In total 14,166 young men and women were included in the study. During conscript selection step one, the subjects were requested to perform 3,000 m run, push-up, pull-up and standing long jump tests at home, and report the results online ("self-reported measurements"). Step two took place at a conscript selection centre 1-18 months later. Here, the subjects completed a maximal treadmill test, seated medicine ball throw, pull-up and standing long jump tests ("objective measurements"). The results demonstrated correlation coefficients from 0.29 to 0.82 ( < 0.05) for self-reported vs. objective measurements, with the highest association found for self-reported and objectively measured pull-ups. Kappa values ranged from 0.05 to 0.34 ( < 0.05), with pull-ups demonstrating the highest agreement. More women than men over-reported their physical fitness. Among men and women indicating similar self-reported fitness, men's objective fitness was higher for all objective tests (effect sizes from 0.5 to 3.0). In conclusion, large variations in correlation coefficients were observed between self-reported and objectively measured physical fitness, while the kappa values indicated poor to fair agreement. The finding that more women than men over-reported their fitness level contradicts most previous studies. Low, moderate, and high correlations, and poor to fair agreements (kappa values), were observed between self-reported and objectively measured endurance and muscle strength variables.More women than men overreported their actual fitness level.Self-reported fitness based on performing field tests at home may be a feasible alternative to traditional methods which rely on self-perceived fitness.
自我报告的体能在成本和时间上优于客观方法，但以前的研究表明其有效性存在争议。自我报告的方法通常基于主观判断，而另一种方法包括在家中进行现场测试。挪威军队依靠后者来选拔新兵，但它的有效性尚不清楚，应该进行调查。共有 14166 名男女青年参加了这项研究。在新兵选拔的第一步中，要求受试者在家中进行 3000 米跑、俯卧撑、引体向上和立定跳远测试，并在线报告结果（“自我报告的测量值”）。第二步在新兵选拔中心进行，时间在 1 到 18 个月后。在这里，受试者完成了最大跑步机测试、坐姿药球投掷、引体向上和立定跳远测试（“客观测量值”）。结果显示，自我报告与客观测量值之间的相关系数为 0.29 至 0.82（<0.05），其中自我报告和客观测量的引体向上相关性最高。Kappa 值范围为 0.05 至 0.34（<0.05），其中引体向上的一致性最高。与男性相比，更多的女性高估了自己的体能。在自我报告的体能相似的男性和女性中，所有客观测试中男性的客观体能都更高（效应大小为 0.5 至 3.0）。总之，自我报告和客观测量的体能之间观察到的相关系数存在很大差异，而 Kappa 值表明一致性差到中等。与大多数先前的研究相反，发现更多的女性高估了自己的健康水平。自我报告的耐力和肌肉力量变量与客观测量值之间存在低、中、高度相关和差到中等一致（Kappa 值）。与男性相比，更多的女性高估了自己的实际健康水平。基于在家中进行现场测试的自我报告的健康状况可能是一种可行的替代传统方法的方法，传统方法依赖于自我感知的健康状况。
