Simonsen Thomas J, Zakharov Evgeny V, Djernaes Marie, Cotton Adam M, Vane-Wright R I, Sperling Felix A H
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9.
Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
Cladistics. 2011 Apr;27(2):113-137. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00326.x.
© The Willi Hennig Society 2010. ABSTRACT: Phylogenetic relationships of 18 genera of the swallowtail subfamily Papilioninae, four genera of Parnassiinae, and the monobasic Baroniinae are inferred based on 94 morphological characters and 5616 bp DNA from seven genes (16S, COI, COII, ND1, ND5, EF-1 alpha and wingless). Bayesian likelihood analyses show that Baroniinae are the sister of a clade comprising Parnassiinae and Papilioninae. Four Papilioninae tribes are recognized, Leptocircini, Teinopalpini, Papilionini and Troidini, with Leptocircini being the sister of the remaining tribes. Meandrusa and Teinopalpus are sister taxa and comprise the tribe Teinopalpini, which is the sister of a clade comprising Papilionini and Troidini. The tribe Troidini (pipevine swallowtails) comprises two subtribes: Battina (including only Battus) and Troidina. The endemic Madagascan genus Pharmacophagus is consistently placed as the sister to the remaining Troidina. The non-Pharmacophagus Troidina are tentatively divided into a Neotropical lineage and an Australasian lineage. Dispersal-vicariance analyses indicate that past dispersal events are most important for explaining current distribution patterns of Papilionidae. However, the division of the non-Pharmacophagus Troidina into a Neotropical lineage and an Australasian lineage is possibly due to the final break-up of southern Gondwana. A fossil-calibrated relaxed Bayesian molecular clock analysis confirms that the ages of the lineages fit this scenario. The basal lineages leading to the current subfamily-level diversity of Papilionidae probably arose around the K/T boundary. Analyses of larval host-plant relationships within Papilionidae show very little phylogenetic pattern. However, Aristolochiaceae-feeding apparently evolved independently in non-Parnassiini parnassiines and Troidini.
©威利·亨尼希协会2010年。摘要：基于94个形态特征和来自7个基因（16S、COI、COII、ND1、ND5、EF - 1α和无翅基因）的5616碱基对DNA，推断了凤蝶亚科18个属、绢蝶亚科4个属以及单型的喙凤蝶亚科之间的系统发育关系。贝叶斯似然分析表明，喙凤蝶亚科是一个包含绢蝶亚科和凤蝶亚科的分支的姐妹群。确认了凤蝶亚科的四个族：钩凤蝶族、宝凤蝶族、凤蝶族和裳凤蝶族，其中钩凤蝶族是其余各族的姐妹群。美凤蝶属和宝凤蝶属是姐妹分类单元，组成宝凤蝶族，该族是一个包含凤蝶族和裳凤蝶族的分支的姐妹群。裳凤蝶族（ Pipevine swallowtails）包括两个亚族：巴蒂娜亚族（仅包括巴蒂斯属）和裳凤蝶亚族。马达加斯加特有的药囊凤蝶属一直被置于其余裳凤蝶亚族的姐妹位置。非药囊凤蝶属的裳凤蝶亚族暂时分为新热带分支和澳大拉西亚分支。扩散 - 隔离分析表明，过去的扩散事件对于解释凤蝶科当前的分布模式最为重要。然而，非药囊凤蝶属的裳凤蝶亚族分为新热带分支和澳大拉西亚分支可能是由于冈瓦纳大陆南部的最终解体。基于化石校准的宽松贝叶斯分子钟分析证实，各分支的年代符合这一情况。导致凤蝶科当前亚科级多样性的基部支系可能在白垩纪 - 古近纪界线附近出现。对凤蝶科幼虫寄主植物关系的分析显示出很少的系统发育模式。然而，取食马兜铃科植物的习性显然在非绢蝶亚族的绢蝶和裳凤蝶族中独立演化。
