School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2022 Mar;40(6):621-629. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2009169. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
This study aimed to develop motor competence (MC) profiles in children based on their actual and perceived MC, and to investigate differences in physical activity (PA) behaviour and motivation towards PA between profiles. Two hundred and sixteen British children (7-10 years) took part in this study. Perceived motor competence (PMC) was assessed using the pictorial scale of movement competence. MC was assessed using process-oriented and product-oriented measures. A validated questionnaire assessed motivation towards PA and an objective measure of PA was employed. K-means cluster analysis was used to create profiles. Differences in PA and motivation towards PA were examined using ANCOVAs. Four groups of divergent and convergent levels were identified based on the contribution of either product or process MC with PMC. Motivation towards PA differed by profiles that included actual-process and PMC. Children with high actual process and high PMC had significantly higher levels of autonomous motivation than children with high actual process but low PMC. No significant differences were found between PA levels and profiles. Developing the quality and execution of actual motor competence (AMC) and PMC is key to stimulate motivation towards PA. Furthermore, maintaining AMC and PMC simultaneously may be imperative to children's future PA behaviour.
本研究旨在根据儿童的实际和感知运动能力（MC），为他们制定运动能力（MC）档案，并探讨不同 MC 档案之间的体育活动（PA）行为和对 PA 的动机差异。216 名英国儿童（7-10 岁）参与了这项研究。感知运动能力（PMC）使用运动能力的图画量表进行评估。MC 使用面向过程和面向产品的措施进行评估。一个经过验证的问卷评估了对 PA 的动机，并用客观的 PA 测量方法。使用 K-均值聚类分析创建档案。使用 ANCOVA 检查 PA 和对 PA 的动机差异。根据 PMC 与产品或过程 MC 的贡献，确定了基于发散和收敛水平的四个组。对 PA 的动机因包括实际过程和 PMC 的档案而有所不同。具有高实际过程和高 PMC 的儿童的自主动机水平明显高于具有高实际过程但 PMC 较低的儿童。PA 水平和档案之间没有发现显著差异。提高实际运动能力（AMC）和 PMC 的质量和执行是激发对 PA 的动机的关键。此外，同时保持 AMC 和 PMC 对儿童未来的 PA 行为可能至关重要。
