Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
Maturitas. 2022 Jan;155:24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.10.003. Epub 2021 Oct 9.
To examine the longitudinal association between participation in social activities and healthy lifestyle behaviours.
This 2-year follow-up study used data from 6168 older adults (73.5 ± 5.3 years; 49% men). We studied participation in five types of social activities at baseline: participation in volunteer, sports, hobbies, senior clubs, and neighbourhood-association groups.
The healthy lifestyle behaviours were physical activity (time spent walking: ≥150 min/week; or less), eating habits (dietary variety score: ≥4 points; or less), and intellectual activity (subcomponents of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence: 4 points; or less).
In the follow-up survey, 19% of participants were physically inactive, 53% had unfavourable eating habits, and 34% had diminished intellectual activity. Multilevel modified Poisson regression analysis showed that participation in sports groups was associated with a lower relative risk (RR) of physical inactivity (RR=0.82 [0.72, 0.93]) and unfavourable eating habits (RR=0.95 [0.90, 1.00]). Participation in hobby groups reduced the RR of unfavourable eating habits (RR=0.93 [0.90, 0.97]) and diminished intellectual activity (RR=0.90 [0.85, 0.96]). Participation in volunteering was associated with a lower RR of diminished intellectual activity (RR=0.84 [0.75, 0.95]). Relative to non-participation, participating in two or more social activities was associated with a 9% (95% CI: 0.83, 1.00) lower RR for physical inactivity, a 12% (95% CI: 0.82, 0.95) lower RR for unfavourable eating habits, and a 17% (95% CI: 0.77, 0.89) lower RR for diminished intellectual activity.
Both the nature and the number of social activities determine the longitudinal effects of social participation on healthy lifestyle behaviours.
探讨参与社会活动与健康生活方式行为之间的纵向关联。
本研究采用了一项为期 2 年的随访研究，共纳入了 6168 名老年人（73.5±5.3 岁，49%为男性）。我们在基线时研究了五种类型的社会活动参与情况：参与志愿者活动、运动、爱好、老年人俱乐部和社区协会团体。
健康生活方式行为包括体力活动（每周步行时间：≥150 分钟；或不足）、饮食习惯（饮食多样性评分：≥4 分；或不足）和智力活动（东京都立老人综合研究所能力指数的子成分：4 分；或不足）。
在随访调查中，19%的参与者不进行体力活动，53%的参与者饮食习惯不良，34%的参与者智力活动减少。多水平修正泊松回归分析显示，参加运动团体与较低的体力活动不活跃的相对风险（RR）相关（RR=0.82 [0.72, 0.93]）和不良饮食习惯（RR=0.95 [0.90, 1.00]）。参加爱好团体可降低不良饮食习惯的 RR（RR=0.93 [0.90, 0.97]）和智力活动减少的 RR（RR=0.90 [0.85, 0.96]）。参加志愿服务与智力活动减少的 RR 较低相关（RR=0.84 [0.75, 0.95]）。与不参与相比，参与两项或更多项社会活动与体力活动不活跃的 RR 降低 9%（95%CI：0.83, 1.00）、不良饮食习惯的 RR 降低 12%（95%CI：0.82, 0.95）和智力活动减少的 RR 降低 17%（95%CI：0.77, 0.89）。
社会活动的性质和数量决定了社会参与对健康生活方式行为的纵向影响。
