Lindsay Scott A, Caraguel Charles G B, Gray Rachael
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2021 Nov 23;16:275-284. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.11.002. eCollection 2021 Dec.
The Australian sea lion () is an endangered and declining otariid species, with a high rate of pup mortality associated with endemic hookworm () infection a suspected contributor to this decline. Injected ivermectin is an effective treatment for sp. in otariids, with optimal outcomes achieved by the early treatment of pups prior to disease development. This randomised controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the novel use of a topical ivermectin formulation against hookworm infection and lice ( infestation, in comparison with injected ivermectin. During the 2017 breeding season at Dangerous Reef, South Australia, pups ≤ 70 cm in standard length (≤ 2 weeks of age; n = 85) were randomised to single dose topical (500 μg/kg spot-on; n = 27) or injected (200 μg/kg subcutaneous; n = 29) ivermectin treatment groups, or to an untreated control group (n = 29). Topical ivermectin was highly effective for elimination, and not significantly different to the injected formulation (estimated effectiveness 96.4% and 96.8%, respectively; > 0.05). Its application resulted in an 81.6% reduction and 62.7% additional clearance for infestation by 15-24 days post-treatment, compared with untreated control pups (also not significantly different to injected ivermectin; 83.1% and 59.4%, respectively; > 0.05). Treatment with either ivermectin formulation significantly ameliorated increases in inflammatory markers detected in the blood of untreated control pups - peripheral blood eosinophil counts (persisting to 36-41 days post-recruitment < 0.05) and increased plasma protein concentrations (15-24 days post-recruitment; < 0.05). Further, an initial short-term decrease in body condition in the control group was not observed in either of the treatment groups. This study demonstrates that topical ivermectin is an effective antiparasitic treatment in It offers an alternative administration method for ivermectin delivery to a young pup cohort in this species, and an alternative, minimally invasive management tool for species conservation.
澳大利亚海狮（）是一种濒危且数量不断减少的海狗科物种，幼崽死亡率很高，与地方性钩虫（）感染有关，这种感染被怀疑是导致其数量下降的一个因素。注射用伊维菌素是治疗海狗科动物体内 属寄生虫的有效药物，在疾病发展之前对幼崽进行早期治疗可取得最佳效果。这项随机对照试验评估了一种新型外用伊维菌素制剂相对于注射用伊维菌素在对抗钩虫感染和虱子（感染方面的有效性。在南澳大利亚危险礁的2017年繁殖季节，标准体长≤70厘米（≤2周龄；n = 85）的幼崽被随机分为单剂量外用（500μg/kg滴皮剂；n = 27）或注射（200μg/kg皮下注射；n = 29）伊维菌素治疗组，或未治疗的对照组（n = 29）。外用伊维菌素对 的清除非常有效，与注射制剂无显著差异（估计有效性分别为96.4%和96.8%； > 0.05）。与未治疗的对照幼崽相比，治疗后15 - 24天，其应用使 感染减少了81.6%，并额外清除了62.7%（与注射用伊维菌素也无显著差异；分别为83.1%和59.4%； > 0.05）。两种伊维菌素制剂治疗均显著改善了未治疗对照幼崽血液中检测到的炎症标志物的增加——外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数（在招募后持续至36 - 41天； < 0.05）和血浆蛋白浓度升高（招募后15 - 24天； < 0.05）。此外，在两个治疗组中均未观察到对照组最初出现的短期身体状况下降。这项研究表明，外用伊维菌素在 中是一种有效的抗寄生虫治疗方法。它为向该物种的幼崽群体递送伊维菌素提供了一种替代给药方法，也是一种用于物种保护的替代的、微创管理工具。
