Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Jan;55(2):212-224. doi: 10.1111/apt.16727. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Balancing calorie control to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by skipping breakfast while guarding against its potential risks is a challenge.
To explore the association between skipping breakfast and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).
A total of 9926 individuals (including 3004 MAFLD participants) aged 20 years or older were enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and followed for up to 27 years. All participants were classified according to the frequency of breakfast consumption (every day, some days, rarely and never). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cardiovascular mortality.
During the 212 239 person-years of follow-up, we documented a total of 2595 deaths including 603 deaths from CVDs. Of these, 1039 deaths including 253 deaths from CVDs were recorded in MAFLD individuals. MAFLD individuals showed higher cardiovascular mortality than MAFLD-free controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, skipping breakfast was independently associated with high cardiovascular mortality risk (adjusted HR: 2.850, 95% CI: 1.490-5.452; P = 0.002), and a high cerebrovascular disease mortality risk (adjusted HR: 5.570, 95% CI: 1.814-17.099; P = 0.003) in participants with MAFLD. However, skipping breakfast was not associated with cardiovascular mortality in MAFLD-free individuals (adjusted HR: 1.526, 95% CI: 0.701-3.326; P = 0.280).
In this US population-based study, skipping breakfast was associated with a high risk of cardiovascular mortality in MAFLD but not MAFLD-free individuals.
通过不吃早餐来控制卡路里以预防心血管疾病 (CVD)，同时防范其潜在风险，这是一个挑战。
探讨代谢相关脂肪性肝病 (MAFLD) 患者中不吃早餐与心血管死亡率之间的关系。
共纳入 9926 名年龄在 20 岁及以上的个体参加第三次全国健康和营养调查，并进行了长达 27 年的随访。所有参与者根据早餐食用频率（每天、一些天、很少和从不）进行分类。采用 Cox 比例风险模型估计心血管死亡率的风险比 (HR) 和 95%置信区间 (CI)。
在 212239 人年的随访期间，共记录了 2595 例死亡，其中包括 603 例 CVD 死亡。其中，在 MAFLD 个体中记录了 1039 例死亡，包括 253 例 CVD 死亡。MAFLD 个体的心血管死亡率高于 MAFLD 无个体 (P<0.001)。此外，不吃早餐与高心血管死亡率风险独立相关 (调整 HR：2.850，95%CI：1.490-5.452；P=0.002)，并且在 MAFLD 个体中与高脑血管疾病死亡率风险相关 (调整 HR：5.570，95%CI：1.814-17.099；P=0.003)。然而，不吃早餐与 MAFLD 无个体的心血管死亡率无关 (调整 HR：1.526，95%CI：0.701-3.326；P=0.280)。
在这项基于美国人群的研究中，不吃早餐与 MAFLD 个体的心血管死亡率高风险相关，但与 MAFLD 无个体无关。
