Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Bldg. 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Sports Med. 2022 Jun;52(6):1385-1398. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01615-6. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Concurrent training can be an effective and time-efficient method to improve both muscle strength and aerobic capacity. A major challenge with concurrent training is how to adequately combine and sequence strength exercise and aerobic exercise to avoid interference effects. This is particularly relevant for athletes.
We aimed to examine the acute effects of aerobic exercise on subsequent measures of muscle strength and power in trained male individuals.
We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Systematic literature searches in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were conducted up to July 2021.
Studies were included that applied a within-group repeated-measures design and examined the acute effects of aerobic exercise (i.e., running, cycling exercise) on subsequent measures of lower limb muscle strength (e.g., maximal isometric force of the knee extensors) and/or proxies of lower limb muscle power (e.g., countermovement jump height) in trained individuals.
Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Aerobic exercise resulted in moderate declines in muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.79; p = 0.003). Low-intensity aerobic exercise did not moderate effects on muscle strength (SMD = 0.65; p = 0.157) while moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise resulted in moderate declines in muscle strength (SMD = 0.65; p = 0.020). However, the difference between subgroups was not statistically significant (p = 0.979). Regarding aerobic exercise duration, large declines in muscle strength were found after > 30 min (SMD = 1.02; p = 0.049) while ≤ 30 min of aerobic exercise induced moderate declines in muscle strength (SMD = 0.59; p = 0.013). The subgroup difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.204). Cycling exercise resulted in significantly larger decrements in muscle strength (SMD = 0.79; p = 0.002) compared with running (SMD = 0.28; p = 0.035). The difference between subgroups was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). For muscle power, aerobic exercise did not result in any statistically significant changes (SMD = 0.04; p = 0.846).
Aerobic exercise induced moderate declines in measures of muscle strength with no statistically significant effects on proxies of muscle power in trained male individuals. It appears that higher compared with lower intensity as well as longer compared with shorter aerobic exercise duration exacerbate acute declines in muscle strength. Our results provide evidence for acute interference effects when aerobic exercies is performed before strength exercises. These findings may help practitioners to better prescribe single training sessions, particularly if environmental and/or infrastructural reasons (e.g., availability of training facilities) do not allow the application of strength training before aerobic exercise.
同时进行力量训练和有氧运动是一种有效且节省时间的提高肌肉力量和有氧能力的方法。同时进行力量训练和有氧运动的主要挑战是如何充分结合和顺序安排力量练习和有氧运动，以避免干扰效应。这对于运动员来说尤为重要。
我们旨在研究有氧运动对训练有素的男性个体随后的肌肉力量和功率测量值的急性影响。
我们进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。
截至 2021 年 7 月，在电子数据库 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 中进行了系统文献检索。
纳入的研究采用组内重复测量设计，研究了有氧运动（即跑步、骑自行车运动）对训练有素个体随后的下肢肌肉力量（例如，膝关节伸肌的最大等长力）和/或下肢肌肉力量的代表指标（例如，纵跳高度）的急性影响。
符合纳入标准的研究有 15 项。有氧运动导致肌肉力量适度下降（标准化均数差 [SMD] = 0.79；p = 0.003）。低强度有氧运动不会对肌肉力量产生调节作用（SMD = 0.65；p = 0.157），而中高强度有氧运动导致肌肉力量适度下降（SMD = 0.65；p = 0.020）。然而，亚组之间的差异无统计学意义（p = 0.979）。关于有氧运动的持续时间，发现运动时间超过 30 分钟后肌肉力量大幅下降（SMD = 1.02；p = 0.049），而运动时间≤30 分钟则导致肌肉力量适度下降（SMD = 0.59；p = 0.013）。亚组间差异无统计学意义（p = 0.204）。与跑步相比，骑自行车运动导致肌肉力量明显下降（SMD = 0.79；p = 0.002）。亚组间差异有统计学意义（p < 0.0001）。对于肌肉力量，有氧运动没有导致任何统计学上显著的变化（SMD = 0.04；p = 0.846）。
有氧运动导致肌肉力量的适度下降，对训练有素的男性个体的肌肉力量代表指标没有统计学上的影响。似乎与低强度相比，高强度和与短时间相比，长时间的有氧运动时间会加剧肌肉力量的急性下降。我们的研究结果提供了有氧运动在力量训练之前进行时会产生急性干扰效应的证据。这些发现可能有助于从业者更好地规定单次训练课程，特别是如果环境和/或基础设施原因（例如，训练设施的可用性）不允许在进行有氧运动之前进行力量训练。
