School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia.
Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia.
Sports Med. 2018 Feb;48(2):289-297. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0812-1.
Incorporating both endurance and resistance training into an exercise regime is termed concurrent training. While there is evidence that concurrent training can attenuate resistance training-induced improvements in maximal strength and muscle hypertrophy, research findings are often equivocal, with some suggesting short-term concurrent training may instead further enhance muscle hypertrophy versus resistance training alone. These observations have questioned the validity of the purported 'interference effect' on muscle hypertrophy with concurrent versus single-mode resistance training. This article aims to highlight some methodological considerations when interpreting the concurrent training literature, and, in particular, the degree of changes in strength and muscle hypertrophy observed with concurrent versus single-mode resistance training. Individual training status clearly influences the relative magnitude and specificity of both training adaptation and post-exercise molecular responses in skeletal muscle. The training status of participants is therefore likely a key modulator of the degree of adaptation and interference seen with concurrent training interventions. The divergent magnitudes of strength gain versus muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training also suggests most concurrent training studies are likely to observe more substantial changes in (and in turn, any potential interference to) strength compared with muscle hypertrophy. Both the specificity and sensitivity of measures used to assess training-induced changes in strength and muscle hypertrophy also likely influence the interpretation of concurrent training outcomes. Finally, the relative importance of any modulation of hypertrophic versus strength adaptation with concurrent training should be considered in context with the relevance of training-induced changes in these variables for enhancing athletic performance and/or functional capacity. Taken together, these observations suggest that aside from various training-related factors, additional non-training-related variables, including participant training status and the measures used to assess changes in strength and muscle hypertrophy, are important considerations when interpreting the outcomes of concurrent training interventions.
将耐力和阻力训练结合到运动方案中被称为同时训练。虽然有证据表明同时训练可以减弱阻力训练引起的最大力量和肌肉肥大的改善，但研究结果往往存在争议，一些研究表明，短期同时训练可能反而会进一步增强肌肉肥大，而不是单独进行阻力训练。这些观察结果对同时与单一模式阻力训练对肌肉肥大的所谓“干扰效应”的有效性提出了质疑。本文旨在强调解释同时训练文献时的一些方法学考虑因素，特别是同时与单一模式阻力训练相比，观察到的力量和肌肉肥大的变化程度。个体训练状态显然会影响骨骼肌中两种训练适应和运动后分子反应的相对程度和特异性。因此，参与者的训练状态很可能是同时训练干预中适应和干扰程度的关键调节因素。阻力训练引起的力量增长与肌肉肥大的幅度差异也表明，大多数同时训练研究可能会观察到力量的变化幅度更大（并且反过来，力量与肌肉肥大相比，任何潜在的干扰也更大）。用于评估力量和肌肉肥大训练引起变化的测量的特异性和敏感性也可能影响对同时训练结果的解释。最后，应该考虑到任何对同时训练中肥大适应与力量适应的调制的重要性，这与这些变量的训练诱导变化对提高运动表现和/或功能能力的相关性有关。综上所述，这些观察结果表明，除了各种与训练相关的因素外，其他非训练相关变量，包括参与者的训练状态以及用于评估力量和肌肉肥大变化的测量，在解释同时训练干预的结果时是重要的考虑因素。
